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tailers such as mail-order houses, and a few other types Construction employment rose a moderate 8.6 percent, of establishments. attributable mainly to growth in specialty trade contrac- tor jobs. • Among other retail groups,jobs in eating and drinking places continued to expand as Minnesotans consumed Finally, employment in the finance, insurance, and real more meals away from home. Mid-life baby boomer pur- estate industries also recorded an 8.6 percent increase. chases of move-up homes may account for the advance in Real estate and holding and investment companies were jobs in home furniture and furnishings stores, up by weak performers in this industry group, while jobs with about 3,800. insurance carriers grew substantially. Not all retail categories have been growing. Employment in building materials and garden equipment, general Jobs Grew Faster Outside Twin Cities merchandise and apparel stores increased only slightly or not at all. During much of the 1970s and 1980s, the seven-county Twin Cities area was the major generator of new jobs in Governments added about 35,000 jobs during the 1988 to Minnesota.This changed,however,in the late 1980s and 1994 period,with virtually all the increase coming at the early 1990s.The Twin Cities area accounted for less than state and local levels. Growth in public education was a half(48 percent)of the state's net job gain from 1988 to major factor in this change. Military employment de- 1993,compared to almost three-quarters(74 percent)of clined,and federal civilian employment stayed about the the net gain from 1977 to 1988.(County data is available same. only through 1993).The Twin Cities region continues to add large numbers of new jobs but ranked 10th among Although farm employment fell dramatically-11 per- the state's 13 development regions in rate of growth.De- cent in six years—jobs in agricultural services posted a spite the more moderate growth during the 1988 to 1993 32 percent gain, growing by about 6,100. Agricultural period,jobs gains in the Twin Cities region continued to services include lawn and garden services and the ser- outpace the national average of 4.4 percent. vices of veterinarians. Not all regions or counties within regions shared equally • Both wholesale trade and transportation and public utili- in the trend. County employment trends ranged from a ties added about 16,000 jobs and grew at an average rate, gain of 56 percent in Mahnomen County to a decline of 4 12.3 percent for wholesale trade and 13.4 percent for percent in Traverse County. Growth rates within the transportation and public utilities.Trucking and ware- Twin Cities region also varied widely, from a high of 49 housing, transportation services(including travel agen- percent in Carver County to a low of 2 percent in Ramsey cies and some delivery services)and other transportation County. all experienced substantial growth. Railroad employ- ment,however,continued to decline. Service Industry Shows Large Growth Changes in Number and Percent of Jobs by Industry—1988 to 1994 Actual Change Percent Change Services 161,645 Services ®23.9% Retail Trade 59,301 Retail Trade -13.5% Government 34,885 Government _10.3 Manufacturing 27,471 Manufacturing -6.8 Finance,Insurance, 16 931 Finance,Insurance, _8.6% &Real Estate &Real Estate Wholesale Trade 16,485 Wholesale Trade 12.3 Transportation&Utilities 15,890 Transportation&Utilities -13.4% Construction 9,940 Construction S 8.6% Agricultural Services 6,128 Agricultural Services 31.6% Mining 417 Mining 04.7% Farm -13,021 Farm -10.6%_ •Source:U.S.Bureau of Economic Analysis June 1996 Population Notes 5