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r Only four counties lost jobs between 1988 and 1993. Be- these counties also experienced gains in manufacturing sides Traverse County,these included Big Stone,Meeker employment. • and Lac Qui Parle counties. In contrast, from 1977 to 1988,22 counties experienced a decline in employment. In general,Minnesota had two main areas of strong em- ployment growth in the late 1980s and early 1990s.The No single reason explains why job growth since 1988 has first was an arc of counties extending from southeastern been greater outside the Twin Cities region.Rural areas Minnesota, including Olmsted County (Rochester), up are attractive to some employers because of lower land through the Twin Cities suburbs and on to the St. Cloud and labor costs, but the great variation in growth from area.The second extends north of the Twin Cities up to county to county suggests that idiosyncratic factors are Lake of the Woods County on the Canadian border. often at work. For example, American Indian casinos Among development regions, the highest rates of job have been an important factor in job growth in several growth were found in regions 7E, 2,and 7W. counties, including Mille Lacs (27 percent), Carlton(16 percent), Cook(35 percent)and Pine(30 percent)as well In contrast,low employment growth occurred in western as Mahnomen. border counties, in Hennepin and Ramsey counties and in a few other scattered areas.Among development re- In other counties, such as Pennington, Beltrami, Grant, gions,the slowest growth occurred in Regions 6W, 1,and Kandiyohi, Lake; Mower and Lyon, manufacturing has 4,all in western Minnesota. generated economic expansion and jobs.The expanding industries range from meat and poultry processing to Manufacturing growth was concentrated in the north- wood products and snowmobile manufacturing. Growth west, west central, and southwestern parts of the state. in Lake County has occurred in part because of partial Manufacturing gained in all development regions except recovery of the taconite industry. the Twin Cities, where it declined slightly. Region 8 in southwestern Minnesota had the largest increase,37 per- Continued popularity of the lakes region of north central cent, followed by Region 5, the North Central region, Minnesota among retirees and others seeking recre- with 27 percent. ational amenities was probably a factor in job growth in • Aitkin, Cass, Cook and Crow Wing counties. Some of Region 7E just north of the Twin Cities led all other re- gions in growth rates for transportation and public utili- ties; services, finance, insurance and real estate; and Employment Growth Is Widespread agricultural services. Percent Change 1988 to 1993 Region 7W led all other regions in gains in wholesale trade and government employment.Region 2,the Head- waters Region,had the highest gains in construction em- ployment and in total wage and salary employment, while Region 5 registered the greatest gains in retail trade. Technical Notes The data in this report comes from the U.S. Commerce Department's Bureau of Economic Analysis. Because of differences in scope and methodology, BEA employment data does not necessarily agree with employment data ❑-3.7%to 7.6% from other sources such as the Minnesota Department of ®7.6%to 12.9% Economic Security. 12.9%to 55.7% The most familiar employment statistics are those used by Economic Security to calculate monthly and annual ' unemployment rates. In these figures, employment is equated with the number of employed persons. In con- trast, the BEA data estimates the number of jobs. If a •Source:U.S.Bureau of Economic Analysis woman has three part-time jobs,the BEA counts each job June 1996 Population Notes 7