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11-24-14-R
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11-24-14-R
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TCAAP Energy Integration Resiliency Framework <br />Policy White Paper – Energy Supply Alternatives <br /> 21 <br />to subscribe to a larger solar facility and receive credit for their subscribed portion of the project <br />directly on their electricity bill as if the facility was located onsite. <br />Rooftop solar PV arrays are viable options for TCAAP residents and commercial buildings, as long as <br />building or roof orientation and structural provisions for the panels are incorporated into the building <br />design standards. Additionally, ground-mounted solar systems, which currently tend to be more cost- <br />competitive, are also optional. TCAAP is located within Xcel Energy’s service territory, which allows <br />solar owners to access economically favorable utility-tariff options, such as retail net-energy metering. <br />Commercial Xcel Energy customers can also apply for production-based incentives for projects that <br />interconnect by 2024. <br />5.1.2. Wind Generation <br />The generation potential of wind turbines is highly dependent on the equipment installed and the wind <br />velocities available on the site. Based on the Minnesota Department of Commerce Wind Map, TCAAP <br />receives an average wind speed of 0.0-4.9 mph at 30 meters elevation. While large-scale wind energy is <br />generally not well suited for high density residential and commercial areas, wind generation is <br />technologically efficient as it is wholly fueled by a renewable resource. Although wind generation in <br />the TCAAP region does not appear to be as cost efficient as it is in other areas of the state, wind <br />technology advancements may support the future development of localized wind turbines in certain <br />areas of the site. A small-scale community wind approach might be viable in future years, especially as <br />technologies continue to develop that may capture lower-quality wind resources. Prior to considering <br />implementation of any wind generation technologies, a short-term independent resource study would <br />be necessary to discern appropriate scale and technology approach. Regarding utility-scale wind <br />generation, grid infrastructure needs may include technologies that help smooth out generation <br />output to meet needed loads, such as integration with a thermal storage tank or additional <br />transmission infrastructure. <br />5.1.3. Fuel Cell CHP <br />Fuel cell electric power generation is a non-combustion based process. Fuel cells produce a direct <br />current through an electrochemical process. The electrochemical process combines fuel with oxygen <br />from the ambient air to produce electricity, heat, and water. Heat generated through the <br />electrochemical process can be captured and used to generate hot water for onsite heating or district <br />heating. <br />Fuel cells can also be used as back-up and portable electrical supply; however, the CHP process <br />increases the efficiency of onsite fuel cell power generation. CHP integration is currently most <br />commonly used with hot water district energy systems and larger commercial facilities, which have
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