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RELEVANT LINKS: 4. Serial meetings Moberg v. Indep. Sch. Dist. No. 281, 336 N.W.2d 510 (Minn. 1983). See also IPAD 10-011 and IPAD 06-017. The Minnesota Supreme Court has noted that meetings of less than a quorum of a public body held serially to avoid a public meeting or to fashion agreement on an issue of public business may violate the open meeting law. Mankato Free Press v. City of North Mankato, 563 N.W.2d 291 (Minn. Ct. App. 1997). The Minnesota Court of Appeals considered a situation where individual councilmembers conducted separate, serial interviews of candidates for a city position in one-on-one closed interviews. The district court found that no “meeting” of the council had occurred because there was never a quorum of the council present during the interviews. However, the court of appeals sent the case back to the district court for a determination of whether the councilmembers had conducted the interview process in a serial fashion to avoid the requirements of the open meeting law. Mankato Free Press v. City of North Mankato, No. C9- 98-677 (Minn. Ct. App. Dec. 15, 1998) (unpublished opinion). On remand, the district court found that the individual interviews were not done to avoid the requirements of the open meeting law. This decision was also appealed, and the court of appeals affirmed the district court’s decision. Cities that want to use this type of interview process with job applicants should first consult their city attorney. 5. Training sessions Compare St. Cloud Newspapers, Inc. v. Dist. 742 Community Schools, 332 N.W.2d 1 (Minn. 1983) and A.G. Op. 63a-5 (Feb. 5, 1975). It is not clear whether the participation of a quorum or more of the members of a city council in a training program would be defined as a meeting under the open meeting law. The determining factor would likely be whether the program includes a discussion of general training information or a discussion of specific matters relating to an individual city. A.G. Op. 63a-5 (Feb. 5, 1975). The attorney general has advised that a city council’s participation in a non-public training program devoted to developing skills was not a meeting subject to the open meeting law. However, the opinion also advised that if there were to be any discussions of specific city business by the attending members, either outside or during training sessions, it could be a violation of the open meeting law. 6. Telephone, email, and social media Moberg v. Indep. Sch. Dist. No. 281, 336 N.W.2d 510 (Minn. 1983). It is possible that communication through telephone calls, email, or other technology could violate the open meeting law. The Minnesota Supreme Court has indicated that communication through letters and telephone calls could violate the open meeting law under certain circumstances. League of Minnesota Cities Handbook for Minnesota Cities 10/2/2014 Meetings, Motions, Resolutions, and Ordinances Chapter 7 | Page 20