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BiRd-sAFe Building guidelines 17 <br />WHILE .BIRDS .COLLIDE .WITH .BUILDINGS .AT .ALL .LEvELS, .ground-level .stories .are .considered .the .most .dangerous .because .this . <br />is .where .habitat .reflections, .glazing .and .internal .planting .are .often .all .quite .prominent . .Analysis .of .bird .collision .data .over .10 .years .in .New . <br />York .City .showed .that .“most .collisions .were .documented .to .occur .during .the .day .at .the .lower .levels .of .buildings .where .large .glass .exteriors . <br />reflected .abundant .vegetation, .or .where .transparent .windows .exposed .indoor .vegetation .”16 <br />Birds are vulnerable to collisions nearly anywhere glass occurs. Habitat <br />in proximity to glass exacerbates this threat unless reflections are <br />avoided or eliminated or visual cues are incorporated in glazing. <br /> ƒWhen planning new landscapes be aware of reflections and see-through <br />effects created by habitat in relation to building features. Place plantings <br />to minimize these effects. <br /> ƒalternatively, situate trees and shrubs immediately adjacent to the <br />exterior glass walls, at a distance of less than three feet from the glass.17 <br />Close proximity will minimize habitat reflections. in addition, if a bird <br />does try to fly to a reflection at this range, flight momentum will be <br />minimal, thereby reducing fatal collisions. This planting strategy also <br />provides beneficial summertime shading and reduces cooling loads. <br /> ƒif any bird-attracting features (food, water, shelter) are in reflective <br />range of the building(s), use fritting, shading devices or other techniques <br />to make glass visible. See “exterior Glass” pages 20-21. <br />ConsideR LAndsCAPe PLACeMent <br />Birds will mistakenly seek shelter in landscaping located behind glass. <br /> ƒMask views of interior plantings from outside the building. <br /> ƒUse screening, window films or treatments to make glass visible. <br />With the increased use of green roof technology, impacts on birds must <br />be considered. <br /> ƒTreat glass to minimize the reflection of rooftop landscaping in adjacent <br />building features. <br /> ƒConsider foregoing green roof installation or eliminating access to birds <br />if reflection in adjacent buildings will occur. <br />ConsideR inteRioR LAndsCAPinG <br />ConsideR RooFtoP LAndsCAPinG <br />L ee <br />d <br />Coordinate with Leed Credits <br />SS 7.1 Heat island effect: Non-roof <br />SS 7.2 Heat island effect: roof <br />dangerous reflections Confusing interior plants <br />CAnoPY heiGht <br />Glass treatments <br />should be applied to <br />the height of the top <br />of the surrounding <br />tree canopy or the <br />anticipated height of <br />surrounding vegetation <br />at maturity.13