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20 BiRd-sAFe Building guidelines <br />exterior Glass <br />MOST .BIRD .COLLISIONS .OCCUR .at .the .glazed .surfaces .of .buildings . .While .circumstances .such .as .lighting .and .other .obstacles .do . <br />contribute, .glass .areas .are .the .primary .focus .of .bird-safe .design .and .retrofit .strategies .regardless .of .the .overall .site, .landscape, .layout .and . <br />massing .features . .Bird-friendly .glass .products .can .contribute .to .aesthetics, .energy .efficiency, .and .effective .daylighting . .For .bird .safety, . <br />efforts .focus .on .creating .visual .markers .to .make .glass .visible .to .birds .and .minimize .reflection .of .habitat .and .sky . <br />ConsideR visuAL MARKeRs <br />Objective: <br />Prevent bird collisions <br />with glazed surfaces, <br />while maintaining <br />transparency for views, <br />daylighting and passive <br />environmental control. <br />White fritted pattern on glass facade at iAC Offices in new York Cityinterior shades and exterior film at the Minneapolis Central library <br />“Visual noise” is what allows us to see glass. it is created by varying materials, textures, colors, opacity, or other features and helps to break up glass <br />reflections and reduce overall transparency.19 Creating these visual markers can alert birds to the presence of glass as an obstacle. This is the most <br />effective way to mitigate the danger that glass poses to birds. <br /> ƒUtilize etching, fritting, translucent and opaque patterned glass to <br />reduce transparency and reflection, while achieving solar shading. <br />(Note: although fritting is useful for creating visual noise, it is less <br />effective at reducing reflectance since it is generally applied on the <br />interior face of the glass.) <br /> ƒincorporate windows with real or applied divided lights to break up <br />large window expanses into smaller subdivisions. <br /> ƒConsider applying acid-etched or sandblasted patterns to glass on the <br />outside surface to “read” in both transparent and reflective conditions. <br /> ƒCreate patterns that follow the “hand-print” rule (below). <br /> ƒUse window films featuring artwork or custom patterns permanently <br />or on a rotating basis. <br /> ƒLow-reflectivity glass has not been sufficiently tested for bird safety but <br />may prove beneficial in certain installations. <br />b est PRAC ti C es F o R bi R d s AF et Y <br />did YOU KNOW? <br />Studies show that small birds will attempt to fly through any opening larger than 4 inches wide or 2 inches tall or about the size of a child’s <br />handprint oriented horizontally. When creating “visual noise” on or around a window, optimal openings are no larger than a small handprint.19 <br />n YC <br /> A ud <br />u <br />BO <br />n