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Ramsey County Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan, 2018 Page | 60 Communications – Everbridge is not yet rolled out to private citizens yet. Not all residents have subscribed to or follow our Facebook page to receive important messages. Additionally, there are translation services for only three languages (Spanish, Somali, and Hmong). There are over 100 identified languages spoken in Ramsey County, and more than 50 are spoken preferentially in the home. Communications – Everbridge’s open subscription service was made available to the public in September 2016 (https://www.ramseycounty.us/alerts). However, not all residents have subscribed to or follow our Facebook page to receive important messages. Additionally, there are translation services for only three languages (Spanish, Somali, and Hmong). There are over 100 identified languages spoken in Ramsey County, and more than 50 are spoken preferentially in the home. Ramsey County Emergency Management and Homeland Security will, in cooperation/coordination with other partners, place an emphasis on increasing citizen subscription to Everbridge. Severe Weather Shelters – The state requires shelters for manufactured home parks with 10 or more manufactured homes per MN Statute 327.20. Ramsey County has 14 manufactured homes parks. Of these parks, 12 have indicated they have shelters, one has stated it does not and one is in an unknown status meaning that the shelter may or may not exist, and if it does, it may or may not be habitable. It is also unknown with all the parks whether the existing shelters have capacity needed for populations present. Given that this has become an issue with local media of late, Ramsey County Emergency Management and Homeland Security will, in cooperation/coordination with other partners, place an emphasis on this activity. See KSTP News Story here: http://kstp.com/news/mobile-home-park-severe- weather-storm-shelter-minnesota-law-nowhere-to-hide-chetek-wisconsin/4564189/?cat=5 4.4.5 Flash Flood and Riverine Flood Flooding is a significant natural hazard throughout the United States. The type, magnitude, and severity of flooding are functions of the amount and distribution of precipitation over a given area, the rate at which precipitation infiltrates the ground, the geometry and hydrology of the catchment, and flow dynamics and conditions in and along the river channel. Upstream floods, also called flash floods, occur in the upper parts of drainage basins and are generally characterized by periods of intense rainfall over a short duration. These floods arise with very little warning and often result in locally intense damage, and sometimes loss of life, due to the high energy of the flowing water. Flood waters can snap trees, topple buildings, and easily move large boulders or other structures. Six inches of rushing water can upend a person; another 18 inches might carry off a car. Generally, upstream floods cause damage over relatively localized areas, but they can be quite severe. Urban flooding is a type of upstream flood, which involves the overflow of storm drain systems and can be the result of inadequate drainage combined with heavy rainfall or rapid snowmelt. Upstream or flash floods can occur at any time of the year in Minnesota, but they are most common in the spring and summer. 15 flash flood events have been recorded in Ramsey County since 1997. Downstream floods, sometimes called riverine floods, refer to floods on large rivers at locations with large upstream catchments. Downstream floods are typically associated with precipitation events that are of relatively long duration and occur over large areas. Flooding on small tributary streams may be limited, but the contribution of increased runoff may result in a large flood downstream. The lag time between precipitation and the flood peak is much longer for downstream floods than for upstream