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IMS Infrastructure Management Services Arden Hills Report P a g e | 8 Pothole – Small bowl-shaped depressions in the pavement surface and measured by the severity and the number of occurrences. Distortion – Includes various localized unevenness in the surface of the pavement including bumps and sags, depressions, swell, corrugation or shoving. Load Associated and Non-Load Associated Distress Deducts – Surface distresses may be categorized into two classifications – load associated distresses (LAD) and non-load associated distresses (NLAD). Load associated distresses are those that are directly related to traffic loading and structural capacity including Alligator Cracking, Rutting, Patching, Distortion, Edge Cracking, and Potholes. Non -load associated distresses are those that result from materials or environmental issues and include longitudinal and transverse cracking, bleeding, and raveling. Generally, load associated distresses affect the overall condition score more than non-load associated distresses. Pavement Condition Index (PCI) – Following our field surveys, the cond ition data is imported to an IMS pavement management spreadsheet for calculation of PCI following the ASTM D6433 standard. ASTM D6433 also has algorithms within it to correct for multiple or overlapping distresses within a segment. The 0 to 100 PCI range is commonly divided into various ranges using descriptive terms. Divisions between the terms are not fixed but are meant to reflect common perceptions of pavement conditions. Figure 6 and Table 1 detail a general description for each of these condition ranges with respect to remaining life and typical rehabilitation actions. International Roughness Index (IRI) - The captured longitudinal profile of the road was analyzed following ASTM E1926 to determine the International Roughness Index (IRI). IRI values measure the roughness (vertical displacement over a fixed interval reported in inches per mile) of a roadway pavement. • IRI values less than 200 inches/mile indicate “smooth” pavement. • IRI values between 200 and 400 inches/mile indicate a “marginally rough” pavement. • IRI values greater than 400 inches/mile indicate “rough” pavement.