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DescriptiveTerminologyofSoil <br />BasedonStandardsASTMD2487/2488 <br />(UnifiedSoilClassificationSystem) <br />Group <br />Symbol GroupNameB <br />Cuш4and1чCcч3D GW WellͲgradedgravelE <br />Cu<4and/or(Cc<1orCc>3)D GP PoorlygradedgravelE <br />FinesclassifyasMLorMH GM SiltygravelEFG <br />FinesClassifyasCLorCH GC ClayeygravelEFG <br />Cuш6and1чCcч3D SW WellͲgradedsandI <br />Cu<6and/or(Cc<1orCc>3)D SP PoorlygradedsandI <br />FinesclassifyasMLorMH SM SiltysandFGI <br />FinesclassifyasCLorCH SC ClayeysandFGI <br />CL LeanclayKLM <br />PI<4orplotsbelow"A"lineJ ML SiltKLM <br />Organic OL <br />CH FatclayKLM <br />MH ElasticsiltKLM <br />Organic OH <br />PT PeatHighlyOrganicSoils <br />SiltsandClays <br />(Liquidlimitlessthan <br />50) <br />SiltsandClays <br />(Liquidlimit50or <br />more) <br />Primarilyorganicmatter,darkincolor,andorganicodor <br />Inorganic <br />Inorganic <br />PI>7andplotsonorabove"A"lineJ <br />PIplotsonorabove"A"line <br />PIplotsbelow"A"line <br />CriteriaforAssigningGroupSymbolsand <br />GroupNamesUsingLaboratoryTestsA <br />SoilClassification <br />CoarseͲgrainedSoils(morethan50%retainedonNo.200sieve)FineͲgrainedSoils(50%ormorepassestheNo.200sieve)Sands <br />(50%ormorecoarse <br />fractionpassesNo.4 <br />sieve) <br />CleanGravels <br />(Lessthan5%finesC) <br />GravelswithFines <br />(Morethan12%finesC) <br />CleanSands <br />(Lessthan5%finesH) <br />SandswithFines <br />(Morethan12%finesH) <br />Gravels <br />(Morethan50%of <br />coarsefraction <br />retainedonNo.4 <br />sieve) <br />LiquidLimitоovendried <br />LiquidLimitоnotdried<0.75 OrganicclayKLMN <br />OrganicsiltKLMO <br />LiquidLimitоovendried <br />LiquidLimitоnotdried<0.75 OrganicclayKLMP <br />OrganicsiltKLMQ <br />ParticleSizeIdentification <br />Boulders..............over12" <br />Cobbles................3"to12" <br />Gravel <br />Coarse.............3/4"to3"(19.00mmto75.00mm) <br />Fine.................No.4to3/4"(4.75mmto19.00mm) <br />Sand <br />Coarse..............No.10toNo.4(2.00mmto4.75mm) <br />Medium...........No.40toNo.10(0.425mmto2.00mm) <br />Fine..................No.200toNo.40(0.075mmto0.425mm) <br />Silt........................No.200(0.075mm)to.005mm <br />Clay......................<.005mm <br />RelativeProportionsL,M <br />trace.............................0to5% <br />little..............................6to14% <br />with..............................ш15% <br />InclusionThicknesses <br />lens...............................0to1/8" <br />seam.............................1/8"to1" <br />layer..............................over1" <br />ApparentRelativeDensityofCohesionlessSoils <br />Veryloose.....................0to4BPF <br />Loose............................5to10BPF <br />Mediumdense..............11to30BPF <br />Dense............................31to50BPF <br />Verydense....................over50BPF <br />A. Basedonthematerialpassingthe3Ͳinch(75Ͳmm)sieve. <br />B. Iffieldsamplecontainedcobblesorboulders,orboth,add"withcobblesorboulders, <br />orboth"togroupname. <br />C.Gravelswith5to12%finesrequiredualsymbols: <br />GWͲGM wellͲgradedgravelwithsilt <br />GWͲGCwellͲgradedgravelwithclay <br />GPͲGM poorlygradedgravelwithsilt <br />GPͲGCpoorlygradedgravelwithclay <br />D. Cu =D60 /D10 Cc =ܦ30 2 /ሺܦ10 ݔ ܦ60) <br />E. Ifsoilcontainsш15%sand,add"withsand"togroupname. <br />F. IffinesclassifyasCLͲML,usedualsymbolGCͲGMorSCͲSM. <br />G.Iffinesareorganic,add"withorganicfines"togroupname. <br />H.Sandswith5to12% finesrequiredualsymbols: <br />SWͲSM wellͲgradedsandwithsilt <br />SWͲSCwellͲgradedsandwithclay <br />SPͲSM poorlygradedsandwithsilt <br />SPͲSC poorlygradedsandwithclay <br />I. Ifsoilcontainsш15%gravel,add"withgravel"togroupname. <br />J.IfAtterberglimitsplotinhatchedarea,soilisCLͲML,siltyclay. <br />K. Ifsoilcontains15to<30%plusNo.200,add"withsand"or"withgravel",whicheveris <br />predominant. <br />L.Ifsoilcontainsш30%plusNo.200,predominantlysand,add“sandy”togroupname. <br />M.Ifsoilcontainsш30%plusNo.200predominantlygravel,add“gravelly”togroupname. <br />N.PIш4andplotsonorabove“A”line. <br />O.PI<4orplotsbelow“A”line. <br />P.PIplotsonorabove“A”line. <br />Q. PIplotsbelow“A”line. <br />Laboratory Tests <br />DD Drydensity,pcf qp Pocketpenetrometerstrength,tsf <br />WD Wetdensity,pcf qU Unconfinedcompressiontest,tsf <br />P200 %Passing#200sieve LL Liquidlimit <br />MC Moisturecontent,%PL Plasticlimit <br />OC Organiccontent,%PI Plasticityindex <br />ConsistencyofBlowsApproximateUnconfined <br />CohesiveSoilsPerFootCompressiveStrength <br />Verysoft...................0to1BPF...................<0.25tsf <br />Soft...........................2to4BPF...................0.25to0.5tsf <br />Medium....................5to8BPF..................0.5to1tsf <br />Stiff...........................9to15BPF.................1to2tsf <br />VeryStiff...................16to30BPF...............2to4tsf <br />Hard..........................over30BPF................>4tsf <br />DrillingNotes: <br />Blows/NͲvalue:Blowsindicatethedrivingresistancerecorded <br />foreach6Ͳinchinterval.ThereportedNͲvalueistheblowsper <br />footrecordedbysummingthesecondandthirdintervalin <br />accordancewiththeStandardPenetrationTest,ASTMD1586. <br />PartialPenetration:Ifthesamplercouldnotbedriven <br />throughafull6Ͳinchinterval,thenumberofblowsforthat <br />partialpenetrationisshownas#/x"(i.e.50/2").TheNͲvalueis <br />reportedas"REF"indicatingrefusal. <br />Recovery:Indicatestheinchesofsamplerecoveredfromthe <br />sampledinterval.Forastandardpenetrationtest,fullrecovery <br />is18",andis24"forathinwall/shelbytubesample. <br />WOH:Indicatesthesamplerpenetratedsoilunderweightof <br />hammerandrodsalone;drivingnotrequired. <br />WOR:Indicatesthesamplerpenetratedsoilunderweightof <br />rodsalone;hammerweightanddrivingnotrequired. <br />WaterLevel:Indicatesthewaterlevelmeasuredbythe <br />drillerseitherwhiledrilling(),attheendofdrilling(), <br />oratsometimeafterdrilling(). <br />MoistureContent: <br />Dry:Absenceofmoisture,dusty,drytothetouch. <br />Moist:Dampbutnovisiblewater. <br />Wet:Visiblefreewater,usuallysoilisbelowwatertable. <br />5/202163