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Primer <br />Buckthorn-wh <br />at is it? <br />Brought from Europe as an ornamental shrub and has <br />successfully outcompeted native Minnesota species <br />Longer growing <br />season <br />Proliferates both <br />through <br />angiosperm seed <br />and rhizomes <br />Resilience to <br />removal <br />•Fibrous root system <br />is tenacious <br />No natural <br />predation <br />•Deer don’t have an <br />appetite for it <br />Description—A dioecious tree-like shrub that grows to 20-25’ <br />There are two species of buckthorn found in Minnesota <br />European (“common”) and glossy —both are a problem <br />Primer <br />Buckthorn-what is it? <br />4