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<br />TABLE OF CONTENTS
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<br />Page No.
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<br />1.0 INTRODUCTION ,.."...,...."..",..........,........."...,.,...,....,...,.,.,........,....,......................
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<br />2.0 PURPOSE OF STUDY AND METHODOLOGy..,............,........,........................,..
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<br />3,0 SELECTED RESEARCH FINDINGS ..............,.....,............,.......,..,.............,...,.,..,.. 2
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<br />3.1 Expert Opinions ....,..."........"....,.,....,.,..",."....,...".."...,.."...,.,,..,..".........."... 3
<br />3.2 Billboards: a Source of Driver Distraction?...,.....,........,..,..,.......................... 4
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<br />3.3 "Dynamic" Billboards: an Additional Source of ....,........,.....,...................... 6
<br />Driver Distraction?
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<br />3.3.1 Other Information "..."......,...."...",....,.,..."..,....,.,..,.,...."..".."..,..,..... 9
<br />3.4 How Much Distraction Is a Problem? .........,.......,..........,.................,............. 10
<br />3.5 How Does "Brightness" Affect Driver Distraction?.....................,...,........... 15
<br />3.6 Billboard and Other Signage Regulation: a..............,..,...............,..........,...., 16
<br />Minnesota Perspecti ve
<br />3,7 Billboard and Other Signage Regulation: Other..,.....,.,............,...,........,...... 16
<br />Perspectives
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<br />4.0 SUGGESTED REGULATORY APPROACH....,.........,..........,......,.............,...,....... 19
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<br />4.1 Definitions. .,...... ,.". ,.., ,."" .." ,. ..." ,.... ....."..", ,..... ,..,.."...."" ,...., ,........ .....,....... 19
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<br />4.2 Types of Regulatory Measures ...,............,........,......................,...,..,..........,... 19
<br />4.2.1 Complete or Partial Prohibition of Electronic Signs......................,... 19
<br />4.2.2 Size Limitations on Electronic Signs.......,.............,...........,..,............ 20
<br />4,2.3 Rate-of-Change Limitations on Electronic Signs .........,......,............. 20
<br />4,2.4 Motion, Animation, or Video Limitations on Electronic Signs......... 21
<br />4,2.5 Sign Placement and Spacing.........,.........,.........,.,......,..,.................... 22
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<br />4.2,6 Text Size .....,....,.."...",..........,."..........,...,.."...,......".,.,.."...,..,,'...,..... 22
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<br />4.2,7 Brightness Limitations on Electronic Signs.............,...,..............,....,. 23
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<br />4.3 Public Review ."..",....,..,.,..."."...,.,..,.............,.."...,...."...."..................,......,. 24
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<br />5.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ..................................,............,.,.. 25
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<br />Appendix A - Current Sign Technologies
<br />Appendix B - Outdoor Advertising Sign Brightness Definitions
<br />Appendix C - Electronic Outdoor Advertising Device Visual PerfOlmance Definitions
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