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CIP Discussion 3/12/2009 Page 2 The consistent implementation of the PMP program is important for two reasons. First, the timing of the activities, with the exception of full reconstruction, is critical to prevent the streets from deteriorating to the next level of repair. Second, consistent implementation enables a consistent funding plan that enables expenditures to be at manageable levels. As the type of maintenance or improvement activity increases, from a seal coat to mill and overlay to reconstruction, the cost of these activities increases exponentially. The City has streets that have deteriorated to the point of needing reconstruction; however, ~he City also has streets that have been constructed/reconstructed and now need to be monitored for maintenance needs. To minimize necessary maintenance and costs over time, the PMP strives to balance the way in which the City improves or maintains its streets, by including both maintenance projects and reconstruction projects in its five-year Capital Improvement Plan. Street Maintenance Practices and Procedures The following are brief descriptions of various types of street maintenance procedures and appropriate timing for each. Procedure: Seal Coat A seal coat is one of many types of surface treatments used in street maintenance; it is an application of asphalt emulsion followed immediately with an aggregate cover. Seal coats can waterproof the surface, provide low-severity crack sealing, and restore surface friction. The primary purpose of seal coating a street is to protect the street from deterioration caused by sun and water. A seal coat provides a waterproof membrane that keeps the pavement from becoming brittle and cracking, and also helps keep the water from seeping through the pavement and causing problems to the base material. Application: Recommended for use on pavement with minimal cracking and pavement distresses. This is a surface treatment only; subsurface deficiencies (settlements, potholes., etc.) will not be corrected with a sealcoat. Seal coating can be performed at any time in the life of a pavement and lasts an average of three to six years. Associated maintenance: Crack sealing Procedure: Mill and Overlav There are several maintenance practices that involve milling. An edge mill typically consists of grinding the old bituminous surface along the outer 7 feet of the street. This helps establish a uniform cross-section, especially in instances where the crown in the street is relatively flat. A full width mill, or resurfacing, is necessary when the upper surface layer of a pavement has deteriorated considerably. Significant surface pavement distresses and more extensive "thermal" cracking need to be removed and/or repaired with a full width and uniform depth milling process. Both edge mills and full-width mills are typically 1.5 to 2 inches thick, but can vary on a project by project basis.