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2015-04-07 P & Z Packet
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2015-04-07 P & Z Packet
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anaerobic digestion to reduce biosolids volume prior to its agricultural use and to produce <br /> biogas (methane)for in-plant uses. <br /> Energy. In addition to generating energy from processing biosolids, energy conservation has <br /> been, and continues to be, implemented through wastewater treatment process selection and <br /> performance optimization, installation of higher efficiency equipment and lighting, and reducing <br /> building energy use. Purchase of power from solar power generation facilities co-located at <br /> major treatment plants is also being pursued. Additional technologies, such as fuel cells, will be <br /> pursued as their capabilities and economics are proven. <br /> Wastewater Reuse <br /> Injecting highly treated wastewater into aquifers has potential to supplement groundwater and <br /> surface water as sources of water. Year-round reuse of wastewater could include recharging <br /> groundwater, industrial cooling, and use as nonpotable water. ("Potable" water is water suitable <br /> for drinking.) Seasonal possibilities include irrigation of agricultural land, golf courses, parks, <br /> and lawns. Each type of use has water quality requirements that may require additional <br /> wastewater treatment before it is distributed and used. <br /> Wastewater reuse challenges include: <br /> Groundwater Recharge. Groundwater recharge with treated wastewater is typically <br /> implemented in limited areas (sites). Few areas have high soil permeability allowing treated <br /> wastewater to seep into the groundwater and depth to groundwater that is shallow enough for it <br /> to disperse into the groundwater. <br /> Industrial and Irrigation Uses. Water softeners that are used to remove hardness from <br /> groundwater (which is the primary water source for communities outside the urban core) <br /> introduce high salt content into water/wastewater. The salt content makes the water undesirable <br /> for industrial uses (it corrodes cooling water systems) and irrigation uses (salt buildup can limit <br /> plant productivity). Wastewater treatment with reverse osmosis to remove salts is very costly, <br /> and requires a method —for example, evaporation, which is very expensive —to dispose of the <br /> brine. <br /> Metro area industries have generally been successful with their own water conservation and re- <br /> use programs. There are very few high-volume industrial users of reused wastewater. <br /> Wastewater uses for irrigation are highly dispersed and seasonal, and account for <br /> approximately 20% to 30% of total water use. <br /> Nonpotable Water. Potable water uses include drinking, bathing/showering, food preparation, <br /> dish washing, and clothes washing. Toilet flushing is a significant nonpotable water use, <br /> estimated at 20% of total water use. Implementing a nonpotable water use system would <br /> require separate water distribution and plumbing systems. Inherent challenges are cost, the <br /> typical development/financing process (and associated competition), regulatory requirements, <br /> institutional arrangements, and public perception. <br /> The Council will consider wastewater reuse as part of its regional planning for water supply. For <br /> example, wastewater reuse for toilet flushing and irrigation could reduce groundwater demand <br /> to serve growth. <br /> 42 <br />
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