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<br />Since the city's vicarious liability is subject to the statutory limit just as the city's direct liability <br />is, the city's existing coverage limit should be sufficient to cover the city's exposure? <br /> <br />One circumstance in which the court's ruling could create a coverage limits problem with mutual <br />aid and contract for service agreements is if the agreement contains defense and indemnification <br />provisions. LMCIT generally recommends that mutual aid and contract for service agreements <br />include provisions for the party in charge to defend and indemnify the other party. The goal is to <br />eliminate conflicts among defendants and make it possible to present a single unified defense. <br />But under the court's ruling, that could result in the city having to pay not only for its own <br />liability up to the statutory limit, but also to indemnify the other city for that city's vicarious <br />liability. That could add up to more than the city's coverage limit. <br /> <br />LMCIT's model mutual aid agreement incorporates "limited indemnification" language that's <br />designed to avoid creating this problem. The model agreement is available on the web at <br />http://www .lmnc.org/pdfs/mutualaidmodel. pdf. <br /> <br />Agreements creating a joint powers entity <br /> <br />As noted earlier, any "joint powers entity" as defined in the LMCIT liability coverage is pretty <br />clearly going to be considered to be a "joint venture". Under the Reimer ruling, in a liability <br />claim arising from the joint powers entity's activities the claimant or claimants potentially can <br />now apparently recover up to the statutory liability limit from each of the participating political <br />subdivisions. The result is that the effective limits on liability arising from a joint powers <br />entity's activities are now equal to $300,000 times the number of members for each claimant; <br />and $1,000,000 times the number of members for each occurrence. <br /> <br />Essentially, this stacking of vicarious liability represents another way in which the liability <br />exposure for ajoint powers entity could turn out to be greater than the basic $1,000,000 limit of <br />coverage which LMCIT provides. Of course, there are and always have been other ways in <br />which a city or a joint powers entity could end up with liability exceeding its coverage limit - <br />federal civil rights claims, contractually assumed liability, etc, <br /> <br />Suggested strategies for cities <br /> <br />For mutual aid and contract for service joint powers agreements <br /> <br />. If the agreement includes defense and indemnification provisions, make sure that those <br />provisions limit the city's duty to indemnify to an amount no greater than its coverage limit. <br />Suggested language can be found in the LMCIT model mutual aid agreement at <br />http://www .lmnc.org/pdfs/mutualaidmodel. pdf. <br /> <br />2 Provided, of course, that the claim is of a type that's subject to the statutory limit in the first place; e.g., it's not a <br />civil rights claim, etc. <br /> <br />3 <br />