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'\ Crime preve'f1118lfmr6tr~ki~ti~1onmental design From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from CPTED) Crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) is a multi- disciplinary approach to deterring criminal behavior through environmental design. CPTED strategies rely upon the ability to influence offender decisions that precede criminal acts. As of 2004, most implementations of CPTED occur solely within the built environment. .... ...... Criminology and Penology Theories Anomie Differential Association Theory Deviance Contents Labeling Theory Rational Choice Theory Social Control Theory Social Disorganization Theory Social Learning Theory Strain Theory Subcultural Theory Symbolic Interactionism . Victimology Types of crimes Blue-collar crime . Corporate crime Juvenile crime Organized crime Political crime' Public order crime Public order case law in the U.S. State crime' State-corporate crime I CPTED was originally coined and formulated by criminologist C. Ray White-collar crime' Victimless crime , Jeffery. A more limited approach, termed defensible space, was developed I Plaid-collar crime concurrently by architect Oscar Newman. Both men built on the previous Penology work of Elizabeth Wood, Jane Jacobs and Schlomo Angel. Jeffery's book, Deterrence' Prison "Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design" came out in 1971, but his Prison reform . Prisoner abuse work was ignored throughout the 1970s. Newman's book, "Defensible Space: - Crime Prevention through Urban Design" came out in 1972. His principles Prisoners' rights. Rehabilitation were widely adopted but with mixed success. The defensible space approach Recidivism' Retribution was subsequently revised with additional built environment approaches Utilitarianism supported by CPTED. Newman represented this as CPTED and credited Criminal justice portal Jeffery as the originator of the CPTED term. Newman's CPTED-improved See also: Wikibooks:Social Deviance defensible space approach enjoyed broader success and resulted in a --~-------- reexamination of Jeffery's work. Jeffery continued to expand the multi-disciplinary aspects of the approach, advances which he published, with the last one published in 1990. The Jeffery CPTED model is more comprehensive than the Newman CPTED model, which limits itselfto the built environment. Later models of CPT ED were developed based on the Newman Model, with Crowe's being the most popular. . 1 History . 1.1 1960s . 1.2 1970s . 1.3 1980s . 1.4 1990s . 1.5 2000s . 2 Strategies for the built environment . 2.1 Natural surveillance . 2.2 Natural access control . 2.3 Natural territorial reinforcement . 2.4 Other CPTED Elements . 2.4.1 Maintenance . 2.4.2 Activity Support . 3 Effectiveness and criticism . 4 Four obstacles to adopting CPTED . 5 References . 6 External links History