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WATER GREMLIN PUB11C HEALTH ASSESSMENT I�V Findings Cancer: incidence describes the rates and number of newly diagnosed cancers over a specified time period. Table 1 shows the observed and expected numbers of cases for all cancers combined and for the most frequent types of cancer among males in the five census tracts inthe area of analysis. The observed -to -expected ratios and statistical 959'a confidence intervals are also shown. Table 2 provides the same information for females. The same ratios a,nd confidence intervals are also shown graphically in Figure 1 and Fiau re: 2 for males and females, respectively. For all cancers combined overthe 10-year period 2007-2016, there Were no significant differences between the.observed and expected.. n u m bers of cancers (based on Metro.area rates) for males or for females. For males, there were 471 newly diagnosed cancers versus 478 expected cancers (ratio of 0.98.). For females, there Were 499 observed cancers compared to 500 expected cancers (ratio of 1.00). For both genders combined, there were 970 newly.diagnosed cancers over the 10=year time period, compared to the expected number of 978 for an overall ratio of 0199: In short, the overall cancer rate. In five census tracts in the area of analysis is virtually identical to the Metro area. rate. Strengths and Limitations The major strength of this analysis is the use of data from the MCRS to examine and compare cancer incidence rates, All newly diagnosed cancers among Minnesota residents are reported to the MCRS. MCRS data has been shown to meet the. highest standards of data completeness and accuracy. Examining rates of newly diagnosed cancers provides the, most detailed and complete profile of cancer occurrence among Minnesota residents statewide. Detailed population data (18 age categories'for each gender) for the requested census tracts were required to determine the expected.nurnber of new. can cers. Data from 2010 United States. Census were used to provide an approximate population distribution for the ten year time period. There are`fluctuations in populations.over time but the US census is the most accurate accountof the population. MCRS data are available at the census tract [eveI which correspond exactly with the population data. While this study provides a relatively clear picture of overall cancer.incidence among these residents living in the area of analysis, the picture is much less stable or informative for many specific types of cancer due to. the small numbers of cases at a community level. Thisproblem was partially overcame by aggregating cancer data over a ten year period. Finally; these.cancer.data represent the occurrence of cancer among people who lived in the community at the time of diagnosis (cancer incidence) during the period 2007-2016. However, the time period for the development of cancer (latency period) is typically several decades. Many cancers diagnosed today are possibly due to exposures and lifestyle experiences that began or occurred. many years ago. As in any community, there will be migration from one neighborhood to another as well as migration into and out of these communities over time. DIC