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<......- <br /> k <br /> . <br /> :. <br /> ...... <br /> $`ti <br /> iYyt <br /> =o <br /> Increasing <br /> 0 # <br /> is Timine- Everything.(P. <br /> 111 2100 t, .i strolig'1114 di%FCrscx field Of t.trtclici�tteis r�ttt Icir Itt�.it.ie �.lif�c�rertce:s !IE �'catiil�rates €crass M'S cOtaan11111i,. <br /> Ira,i�1*0r cif-Los Angeles, and mirveys Indicated that dic.� rticc: tiCS, %VII.•rC ttlrracrLit r�arr��;cd From a low of 10 percent Eo a <br /> :x';15 t(�t)c:lt.w t[3 Call. Yet e n1v .tls mt t1ric-1111rd of the kAtV's llkz t c-.tif 89 pt`vc(.11t. "lip :1C:Ct1t.tlit f(A tI.11s V111'I'A1 5111 div author's <br /> rcyt►istercc.l staters C.xSt 1 .€llt}ts irr the prirli,rr rtt- tatilt;itiiaf;elc•c "MrsicleFrct.l sc'vrr:1i .tctc�rs c�lc�ctitrli tirtairrf;x irastittlricrrt:ll <br /> �' <br /> shalt &1I-Id rtirl(AY. This s011 cff tt.irrac.rut has raiscd ccaricerras St U tUWS, .€rat.$ tlae local Pcilitical context­--while ccaritrcillirij,; <br /> JbMli ded'i iril;twi6I c P:trtic•ilmticara and its Perterati;•il cerrisc•.. (01 citti,,--lc.vcl derTlc)�;raphic characterisuc.:s tliat arcs l4[iC1wri t <br /> cltlelaces. Orie Such concern is that 100 Wrrlcatlt can lead to .af CCI turnc�tit. <br /> a lnrePresentativc• c uy government: If'nonvoters and voters <br /> eifcr systeIratically ill their Political preferences and aecc <br /> s, llrcir rarl�!srs indicates that about half of the tiffereate <br /> . . <br /> Ill ttrrnotit among cities can lie exPlairae(:l b)e clec- <br /> lcic:Ril priorines and policies arc.' less 11ke1v to reliresent the <br /> t 1011 I1 ill Irity. Ever share they Progressive Era of a century ago, <br /> �•ic." �s cif gall clu ens. Another ther concern is rhat rac.nparticifM_ 4' . <br /> ilon is a-ssoc:iatcd �s�itla it host of�.negative attitudes al`�t.tut: <br /> rtlany (.'alifornla cities have schedt}led off-gCle of- �zlocal- <br /> xovernmem and politics. If'unchecked, dechnin civic only e�le•ctions, IlwSt Of���hiclr c�c:cur in spring. f lowexver, <br /> ' l local contests that coincided with presidential elections drew <br /> tynyageliler7t :111d ttrrnotit cotlld compromise the legitimacN> � , <br /> 6 percent, more tt.€rn€.3ut than these. Gaff-cN,-de electicaras. <br /> gtlV�.'rraI�ile'rat. <br /> Simitariv, locttt c:c.me°sts that ran c(-_)ncurre11dV«pith til�et laa- <br /> 1n A1111rtic�ipzt1 T1ec•trr�rr4 rrr ("t,1 �`c�r-mil: irnollt, 7rr�Mr , torial races and Presidential Prin,raries drew <br /> �C� arac� ?I I�er� <br /> KIWI C..�OMPetition, Zoltan l-.lajnal, PaUl I..eWIS, rind l..lt-igh cciitt- MOW registered voters, rc:'staec::ti%•elV (scyc- f agt.tre 1)cI:rvv) <br /> I.mich address these isstle"s I)v doctiriaeIaring voter ttirnout Ill <br /> ("Alf0rrairis ltitirllciPal elCctlons and rravestigating the catrsCS Municipal Voter Turnout by Election Timing <br /> ?I t.tlr'Ilmll difff.:rences. I0 Its-SC S% the polluc:al vibrancv, of <br /> arit.iriic-IP a.l c°lcctIoIas, 111 e .tlsci cxarriilie Ii'lc degrees cif 1C0 Ur lf�c•- <br /> t i r 01-1 f€�r' .tr'azl ttirl`10Vc�r Ill MUnicip a.l o f ices. l)ra xira�; IT ost GO <br /> �f dieir- ciam from :I clLie•sriomi aire ccmylered bv 50 e:i€� <br /> c_lc'rk s 111 Calif-Orni a, the atir ,Kws calcuLut! rhar less tl-Mi hk-Alf <br /> f�.. 50 <br /> 3I fall rcirc°reel =,�.tcrs li;a iris ;:!lies c�i [ laalleit iii tic� <br /> �ICI C`VU 111 I'll i C 4 D IU �U:( , <br /> �4,j T�•t..S•�� i���� c�F.i��f i f i.I <I��f�f <br /> DOW( M.11' 111:1[ C.WC17all ILfr110Ltt IF" €::It`d' e'lLctic:iras cOUld 1.r e, F� .��� <br /> : 3� <br /> €€lcr,e.�asc,i sell:st�trati ally Sir Pl ta4. rescfie=daaling ri�o c of them � �� <br /> 10 L'01Iiciele.'%616 SC-11c, and n t,oflal c.t. nto-I.4. s. F� z <br /> 10 3 <br /> lifrizout V�irles Greatly Dp-hends 0 <br /> . Off-cycle Odd-year Gubernatorial Presidential Presidential <br /> o z klection Timing November primary <br /> $the data lindicat_e rha€ ukle av r�igc t€.rrrlt.3ut w,-is 48 Per- f <br /> ` (1711f7'l]llJfl 7 !]7'ndler f lrtorc, 7nY.,,,;c;p�I conte;tf i-bat rorPzcide vulth <br /> erilt Of reaisrered 'v'[aiers for tUN, e -Liracil :'lecl inns and �� PLF- Presidential or gztbernatorirrl elections experience szo7liccxrrtly <br /> cc°nr for 111.1voral race's. f to%vek'e�r, These averages Mask dra- higher turnow of re�i.;tere voters tl�rrrr rho off-cycle elections. <br />