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This is an except from a very long article concerning asbestos containing materials. The website contains the full manual. http://www.epa.qovJReqion4JairJasbestosJdemolish.htm Terms: RACM is Related Asbestos Containing Material ACM is Asbestos Containing Material Onsite Waste Disposal As mentioned in other sections of this manual, using heavy machinery to crush demolition debris containing Category I or II nonfriable ACM in place prior to or during burial, can cause the ACM to become RACM subject to the provisions of sections 61.150 (waste disposal) and 61.151 (inactive waste disposal sites) or 61.154 (active waste disposal sites). If Category I or II materials are not rendered friable, they are not subject to the asbestos NESHAP. EPA has recently responded to a question regarding the onsite disposal of crushed asbestos- cement pipe, a Category II material. The response is applicable as well to the burying of Category I material which has been sanded, ground, cut or abraded. In its correspondence EPA stated that the practice of backfilling and burying crushed asbestos-cement pipe in place causes these locations to become active waste disposal sites subject to the requirements of 61.154. Furthermore, if no additional asbestos-containing waste material is buried at that location for a year, the site becomes an inactive waste disposal site subject to the requirements of 61.151 (e) and 61.154(h). Consequently, the owner of the land would be required to comply with the requirements for active and inactive waste disposal sites. In order to avoid the creation of a waste disposal site which is subject to the Asbestos NESHAP, it was suggested that the owners or operators of the pipe consider other options for dealing with it. If the pipe is left in place or removed in such a way that it is not crumbled, pulverized or reduced to power, it would not be subject to the NESHAP. If the pipe must be crushed, the creation of an active waste disposal site can be avoided by removing the pipe from the site and transporting it to a landfill which accepts asbestos waste material. An alternative method suggested involved the pumping of grout into the buried lines which are no longer in service. Waste Load Out As mentioned previously, waste load out activities generally do not cause Category I nonfriable ACM to become RACM. Top loaders are typically used to deposit demolition debris containing Category I nonfriable ACM into trucks for hauling to landfills that accept construction debris. Recent EPA correspondence discusses the hauling and ultimate disposal of both Category I and Category II ACM as follows: It is required under 61.150(a)(3) that asbestos-containing waste material be kept adequately wet. Asbestos-containing waste material as applied to demolitions and renovations includes RACM waste and materials contaminated with asbestos including disposable equipment and clothing.