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All residential dwellings whether they are single-family homes or apartment complexes are charged a recycling fee assessed on their quarterly water bill. Each household pays $1.75 a month for recycling (there is no senior discount as there is on the water use portion of the bill). Multi-family complexes are charged based on the number of units. The fee pays for City sup- plied recycling bins as well as the cost of collection (although multi-family complexes do not receive service). The City pays approximately $3,500 a year for 500 recycling bins. Roseville began providing free 18-gallon blue recycling bins following a recommendation in the 1991 report. Roseville collects $188,000 in recycling fees while paying $250,000 in expenses. The difference is offset by more than $60,000 in an annual SCORE grant from the state and administered by Ramsey County. (Note: SCORE grant funding may be cut as the State deals with a budget shortfall). The money is from sales tax on garbage collections that the State gives to the counties to distribute. While Roseville uses the SCORE grant to reduce residents' monthly fee, SCORE grants can pay for a variety of programs including: waste reduction, recycling, managing problem materials, waste processing at a resource recovery facility, education and technical assistance, developing markets for recycled products, and litter prevention. Roseville used to include in its recycling contract profit sharing in which the City would receive a portion of the money raised from selling of recyclable material. Typically this was a few thou- sand dollars a year. Profit sharing was discontinued in 1996. Other cities such as Shakopee and Lauderdale include a profit sharing provision in their contracts. Where Recycling Goes Waste Management takes recyclable material collected in Roseville to its processing facility in Northeast Minneapolis that opened in January 2002. The facility was designed to take material from single stream collection cities (every thing is co-mingled) but material from two sort cities (such as Roseville) and even cities with seven separate sorting categories (such as St. Paul) may be mixed together. (St. Paul requires the paper products and containers are not to be co-mingled when they are dropped offthere.) The material goes through hand sorting and screen sorting to separate the various recyclable materials for sale to private companies. For instance newspaper is separated and sold to paper companies such as Bowater in Thunder Bay to be turned back into newsprint. Glass bottles go to Anchor Glass in Shakopee to be turned into new bottles (see appendix I). Sometimes the mate- rial is turned into non-recyclable items such as paper sold to a company that makes insulation and plastic bottles sold to a company that makes plastic lumber and lawn edging. While there are no regulations as to what the end product should be, State and Ramsey County agencies prefer the recyclable material be sold to companies malcing products that can be recycled again. Other companies such as BFI operate recycling processing facilities that take two-sort material. The City of St. Paul is in the process of building a two-sort facility to process recycling. It is also creating a non-profit company to collect the recycling and may compete with the private sector for municipal recycling collection contracts. :