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people who have returned from vacation or finished cleaning out their home. Newspupe�s iyz cr Single Stream Recycling Cart What Other Cities Do Some Minnesota cities have begun addressing storage and conve- nience issues by using wheeled 64-gallon carts for recycling. Brooklyn Park, Brooklyn Center, Crystal and New Hope are using a system called single stream. All recyclable material goes into a single cart. In a pilot program in 2001 theses cities found participation went from 58 percent under to current two-sort bin system, to 74-87 percent participation in the single-sort system. They averaged 23 pounds of recycling set out per household versus 18 pounds per household with the bin system. While this appears to be moving forward, there are some significant concerns about single stream recycling. The major drawbacks are inability to monitor what is collected at the curbside and additional processing at the facility both of which lead to contamination of recyclables. Data on current single stream recycling facilities shows the amount of material collected that is not recyclable (out throws) is 5% or greater and the material not able to be recycled (residual) to be 15-25%. Numbers on Waste Management's facility in Minneapolis show a lower rate of residua] but are preliminary because the facility opened in January 2002 and is not running at full capacity. Also the numbers will be skewed because single sort materials are miXed with two sort and source separated (seven sorts) systems. Another factor influencing this is that Waste Man- agement collects broken glass and sends it to its ]andfills for use as drainage or cover material. That material is not included in the facility's residua] rate even though it ends up in a landfill. Residual for Roseville's current two-sort system when it was being processed at a two-sort facility was approximately 7 percent; out throws closer to 1%. Thus the net amount of material that is successfully processed in a single stream system can go down even though the amount collected goes up. It's not necessarily the single stream method that leads to increased participation. In 2001 St. Paul's Eureka Recycling that runs recycling programs for the City conducted a pilot program on recycling behaviors. The study included single stream with carts, two stream with carts, two stream with bins with weekly collection and two stream with bins with every other week collec- tion as well as a pilot area using St. Paul's current seven sort system. Statistics show the most significant gains in recycling tonnages collected and in tonnages successfully processed where in the area that had weekly collection using bins and in the area that had biweekly collection using wheeled carts. This suggests that elements of convenience such as carts or weekly collection are what increase participation instead of being able to put recyclables into one container. Meanwhile Roseville residents seem cool to the idea of using a single stream system. In the 2002 survey, Roseville homeowners were asked if they would like to use a single stream system. Fifty- one percent said yes, 49 percent said no. The group that said yes was asked how much more per month they would be willing to pay to use a single stream program. Thirty-nine percent said they would not be willing to pay more while 24 percent said they would pay $2 more a month and 19 percent said $1. .1