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Categories af Rights <br />Rights can be put into ihree categories: <br />1. Civil and political rights (also called first generation rights). These are `liberty- <br />orien�ated' and inciude the rights to: life, liberty and security of the individual; <br />freedom from torture and slavery; political par�icipatian; freedom of opinion, <br />expression, thought, conscience and religion; freedom of association and <br />assembly. <br />2. Economic and social rights (also called second generation z-ights). These are <br />`security-orientated' rights, far example the rights to: work, education, a <br />reasonable standard of living; food, shelter and health care, amongst others. <br />3. Environmenial, culiural and developm�ental rights (also called third gex�erati�on <br />rights). These include the rights to live in an erzvironment that is clean and <br />protected from destruction, and rights ta cul�ural, political and economic <br />development. <br />When we say that each person has human rights, we are also saying that each <br />person has responsibilities to respect the human rights of others. <br />Universal Declaration of Human Rights <br />The most widely accepted statement of huznan rights in the world is the Universal <br />Declaration of Human Rights {UDHR). Its core message is the inherent value of <br />every human being. Thie Declaration was unanimously adopted on the 1Qth of <br />December 194$ by the United Nations (althaugh 8 nations clid abstain}. It sets out a <br />list of basic rights for everyone in the world whatever their race, colour, sex, <br />language, religion, palitical or other opinion, national or social origin, property, <br />birth ar other status. It states that governments have pro�ised to uphold certain <br />rights, not only for their own citizens, but also for people in other coun.tries. In <br />other words, natioraal borders are no barrier to helping others achieve their <br />rights. Since 1948 the Universal Declaratian has been the interna�ional standard <br />for human rights. In 1993 a world conference of 171 states represeni�ng 99% of the <br />warid's population reaffirxned its co�nmitment to human rights. <br />� <br />�� <br />