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Some strategies for enhancing or restoring hydrology and native plant communities in wetlands <br />include the following: <br />• Ditches should be blocked or outlets raised and the lines removed or altered to restore <br />the original hydrologic regime. <br />• Remove or control invasive exotic species. Removal of exotic species such as reed <br />canary grass and purple loosestrife typically involves hand pulling, herbicide control, <br />prescribed burns, excavation or a combination of management strategies. <br />• Establish a vegetative buffer around wetland areas, to filter runoff, slow stormwater <br />flows, and provide essential upland habitat needed by many species that use both <br />wetlands and uplands as habitat during their lifecycles. <br />Forest Management <br />Most of the forest areas in the study area have been grazed at varying levels in the past, and in <br />some cases were logged. Excessive human disturbance encourages invasion by aggressive <br />exotic species - particularly buckthorn and Tartarian honeysuckle. Fragmentation also reduces the <br />value of the forest community for wildlife species such as migratory songbirds that require <br />"interior" forest areas that are well buffered from human disturbances. <br />Following are management strategies for maintaining and restoring the diversity and health of <br />forest communities: <br />• Avoid cutting trees in areas containing exotic shrub species. Where cutting trees is <br />necessary, cut exotic shrubs and treat with a basal application of an appropriate <br />herbicide. Where developments are proposed within or adjacent to forest areas, <br />removal and treatment of exotic shrubs could be incorporated into the overall site <br />preparation process. <br />• Slow growing and mast - bearing trees such as oak and butternut should be given <br />particular protection due to their value to wildlife. Other trees also serve as important <br />food sources for wildlife including maples, elms, aspens, basswood and birch. <br />• Large trees, particularly those containing cavities, should not be removed unless they <br />present a safety hazard. While humans perceive natural areas with dead trees as <br />City of Roseville 32 <br />Parks Natural Resource Management <br />