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FACT SHEET #1 <br />European {Common) Buckthorn Rhamnus cathartica <br />Description: <br />Shrub or small tree reaching height of 25' (7.6m); <br />trunk diameier up l0 10" (25cm); crown sprcadi�ig <br />and irregular; bark gray to brown, rough tc�turcd <br />when mature and oRcn conFuscd with Yrunus sp. <br />Inner bark yellow. TwiKS often tippcd with a <br />spine. Small black fruits up lo i/4" (O.Gcm) <br />diameter coivaining 3-4 seeds lypical. Leaves <br />broadly elliptic, roundcd lo poinlcd a[ llie lip, and <br />tooihed. Upper and lower lcaf surfaces smootfi. <br />Upper leaf surface dark glossy grecn. Leaves slay <br />�reen late into fall, at'ter all other Icaves have <br />failen. <br />Concern: <br />Endemic lo Eurasitti, R. calhnrlicn was inlroduced <br />to North Amcrica as an ornamcnlal sl�rub. It is <br />native to Eurasia. Thc fn�it causcs a scvcrc <br />laxativc cffecl, roadily disiribuling ils sccds «�he�ti <br />eatcn by birds. Conimon bucklhor�� invadcs <br />mainiy woodlands a�id savannafis, althougli it mv�� <br />also be found in prairics and opcn Fclds. Oncc <br />established, it crowds or shadcs oul nali��c shrubs <br />and herbs, oCtcn complctcly obiitcrating tl�cm. <br />MN Inieragency Eaolic Species Task Force 1991 <br />futurc threa� ranking of SEVERE, curre�u lhreal <br />SEVERE_ <br />Controls: <br />European F3uckthum, Rhan�ni<s cafharrica leaves and maturc bcrrics <br />Late March to Early May: Prescribcd tirc is onc mclhod �roposcd for coniroiling buckthorn in na[ural areas. <br />In lhe upper Mid«•es�, burns conduc�ed as soon as Icat li�ter is dry shouid lower resprouti�g vigor, due to 1ow <br />carbohydrate Icvcls. Burning every ycar or cvcry othcr ycar in cstablished stands may be required for 5-6 years or <br />more. Untonunatei� buckthorn seedings oClen occur in areas �vilh little litter lo earry a fire more often lhan once <br />every 3-�t years. Fire �4�ill top kill a mature plan�, buE resprouting docs occ►ir. Bucktl�orn seediings appear to be <br />very vulnerable to firc, perhaps due to tlieir poorly establisi�ed root struc�urc. Uprooting of smaller scedlings with a <br />weed wrench is another non-chemical conlrol. <br />May to October: McHenry Cawyty. IE. Co�}servalioiti Dis�rict (MCICD} z•eports cxcellent results using 20% <br />Garlon 3A (Trichlopyr} in water wiih dye on cut slumps during lhe gro�ving season. Product I�bel sugges�s <br />avoiding the sprin� sap tlo�v. Garlon 3A undiluted appEied fo c«t stumps bei�veen first budding in May, through <br />summer, io hard freere in fall �vas 9�'%cffective in prevenling resprouting (Boucfreau and Willson). <br />Mid-August to October: MN DNR Rcgion V Sl�ile Parks Resource M��nagement has been using a Fall cut a•ith <br />immedia[e stump applica�ion oT.� j: l t�•alcr:Roundup (G�}�phorate} solution using a hand sprayer. Ini�ial checks <br />indicate �ti >85% control overall. Kline, 198 � iu Wisconsin, used a�: l �VBLCC:ROIlt1C�11� SOIi1t1011 011 Clll 5111111�75 IR <br />Augus�Sep�cmberwith IUO'%con�rol. <br />Winter: 2U% G:�rlon �l with a�i oi{, such ��s Pene��ator, aiid dye on cut stuiups tivas reporled as effective by <br />MCICD. Frill applicaliort is also cFfcclivc. Experimcnts al thc Univcrsily of Wisconsin ArUoretum rcport good <br />results using a 12.5`% solu�ion on cut stutnps, or a 6% saiution basal bark treatment to slems < 3 inches dbh. <br />'l�his infortnetion is not nn endorseinent oFpi�rticulnr proJucts ur practicts. P�sticide ust must follow labe] dirLctiuns nnJ applicabl� state anJ fcJ�r:�l �aws. <br />c <br />0 <br />m <br />� <br />Y <br />Sources on file wid� MN Di�1R Reginn V Stu�e P�rl:s Resourca hlanager- <br />Minnwo�a Departmrnt TNC Clemen! Slcwardship Abstract for R. calharSica and R. frnnR��la p 5/95 <br />of Natural Resources ❑iinois Naturt Preserves Commission Vegetation A9a�iag�mzul Guidaline o» Esotic F3uckthoms ebFacts3.doc <br />Region V(507)265-7432 Bucktl�orn Reasearch and Comro] at Pipcstone Nalional Monument, D. Lioudranu & G. Willson, authors SFW/i�EF3 <br />