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Analysis of Processing Residuals The Eureka analysis estimated processing residuals from a national study conducted by Governmental Advisory Associates (GAA) in 2002. The estimates from GAA, as reported by Eureka, stated the average residual rate among the surveyed single- stream programs was 27.2 percent. Eureka further analyzed their pilot results with two alternative definitions of "material loss during processing ": ■ Without including mixed glass in processing residuals; and ■ With mixed glass as processing residuals. The Eureka report states "Eureka Recycling does not consider the use of mixed glass as an aggregate material or daily landfill cover as a recycled material." R.W. Beck conducted a study for the American Forest and Paper Association (AF &PA) in October 2002. The results indicated that single- stream old newspapers (ONP) contained 65 percent more prohibitives when compared with ONP that came from dual- stream programs. Also, the single - stream residential mixed paper (RMP) had over 1.5 times more prohibitives than the dual- stream RMP. Jaakko Poyry Consulting (JPC) and Skumatz Economic Research Associates, Inc. (SERA) prepared a second report for AF &PA in January 2004. The results from this study, as summarized in the executive summary, indicated that "there is an increase of about one to three percentage points in net recycled tonnage after collection and processing" due to single- stream recycling programs. The City of Fridley (Minnesota) amended its recycling contract with Allied Waste /Browning Ferris Industries (BFI) for dual- stream collection in 2004. The contract amendment provides for a revenue share formula that specifies an estimate of non - targeted materials (defined by the City of Fridley and BFI as "trash contamination ") as 3.47 percent: The "trash contamination" composition estimate shall be based upon the Contractor's audits from similar residential collection routes. The contractor must provide adequate supporting documentation for the trash contamination estimated figures from similar routes annually to the City, however, the City must approve any change to the trash contamination percentage during the term of this agreement. The City reserves the right to require the Contractor to conduct a City - specific composition analysis, including field sorts, as a future task within the Service Exchange Fund." The City of Shoreview (Minnesota) executed a recycling services contract with Waste Management, Inc. that provided for a maximum processing residuals rate of five percent for the City's then dual- stream program. (The City of Shoreview has since converted to a single- stream method for curbside recyclable materials collection.) The 2001 contract included a number of relevant definitions and service provisions to make this maximum rate as practical as possible. (See Attachment A -3 for details.) B1605 A -5