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Recycling Pilot Program Summary <br />• No comparison of dual- stream versus single- stream residuals was provided as part <br />of this study. <br />• The study cited its production standard of an average of 1.5% or less for total <br />contamination (outthrows and prohibitives) for its newspaper grade with an action <br />limits of 2 %. The study stated that sample bales pulled at random met this <br />standard. <br />• The Waste Management study was internal, and the information that was <br />provided was in summary form; thus no critical third party review was possible. <br />Other Studies <br />• An R.W. Beck study for the American Forest and Paper Association (AFPA) in <br />2002 reflected significantly higher "prohibitives" in newspaper and mixed paper <br />from single- stream versus dual - stream sources. Sampled bales of ONP from <br />single- stream plants contained more than twice as much plastic and non - <br />recyclable paper by weight and almost 40 percent more metal than did bales <br />sampled from dual- stream facilities, for an overall increase of 65% more <br />prohibitives. <br />• Another consulting study for the AFPA was conducted in 2003 by Jaakko Poyry <br />Consulting and Skumatz Economic Research. The study found that on average, <br />contamination levels in single- stream facilities were three to eight percentage <br />points higher compared to dual- stream facilities. <br />■ For its study in 2001 -2002, Eureka Recycling used Governmental Advisory <br />Associates (GAA) survey data to estimate residual rates at dual- stream and single - <br />stream facilities. Based on facility surveys, GAA research showed that dual - <br />stream programs had an average residual rate of 6.4% and single- stream programs <br />had an average residual rate of 27.2 %. <br />These residuals and contamination issues are discussed in more detail in Appendix A. <br />Analysis of Set -Out Rates <br />City staff conducted field audits of each pilot route, each collection week in order to <br />collect accurate set -out data by identifying households that had curbside recycling bins <br />or carts set out for collection. The results of the set -out data for the bi- weekly pilot <br />routes are shown below in Table 7. <br />Any deviation above 2 percent in the regular sampling of bales subjects the production staff to a <br />number of remedial procedures entailing review of all operational functions. It also requires <br />additional sampling until a production standard of less than 1.5 percent is met. <br />16 DRAFT B1605 <br />