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Preventing Deer Damage http://www.ext.colostate.edu/pubs/natres/06520.html Paper or Reemay budcaps form a protective cylinder around the terminal leader and bud. They may help reduce browse damage. Budcaps are rectangular pieces of material folded lengthwise and stapled around the terminal leader. Tubes placed around the trunks of larger trees will help prevent trunk damage. Tubes may not, however, protect trunks from damage when bucks use the trees to scrape the velvet off their antlers. Fencing may be required. Fencing Adequate fencing to exclude deer is the only sure way to control deer damage. The conventional deer-proof fence is 8 feet high and made of woven wire. Electric fences also can be used. Electric fences should be of triple-galvanized, high-tensile, 13.5-gauge wire carrying a current of 35 milliamps and 3,000 to 4,500 volts. Several configurations of electric fences are used: vertical five-, seven-, or nine-wire; slanted seven-wire; single strand; and others. Additional options include invisible mesh barriers, slanting deer fences, and single-wire, electric fences baited with peanut butter. The invisible mesh barriers are polypropylene fences of various mesh sizes, typically 8 feet high with a high tensile strength, that blend in with the surroundings. The baited fences attract deer to the fence instead of what's inside the fence. They administer a safe correction that trains the deer to stay away. They are effective for small Gardens, nurseries and orchards (up to 3 to 4 acres) that are subject to moderate deer pressure. Deer are attracted by the peanut butter and encouraged to make nose-to-fence contact. Deer, like many wild animals, seem to respect and respond better to electric fencing after they become familiar with the fenced area. Additional information on fences and their construction can be found in Deer (Craven and Hygnstrom), available from Colorado State University Cooperative Extension offices. (See references.) iTable 1: Plants and their relative susceptibility to deer browsing. I . _ . IIRarely browsed 'L- Ii I Often br~~sed~~il Sometimes browsed i'Flowers I rGerani~;;:~;ild i (Geranium fremontii) ~-----------_._---_.._........~-,_.._. --- _..__._---------_.__.._---_..._~,.__."..~"--,.,,.,~- Low sunflower !(Helianthus pumilus) ---------------- 'Nodding onion i (Allium cernuum) ilLupine, silver IIBlack-eyed susan il(Lupinus argenteus) II(Rudbeckia sp.)__ 'IPasque flower IICalifomia fuchsfi--- II (Pulsatilla patens) !1(Zauschneria sp.) _....JLc.=I=_==_===_________.______.._.=~=;' I Prairie coneflower :IDaffodils I (Ratibida columnifera) II(Narcissus sp.) I Il_~,_~_ ___ il -:1 30f7 08/1612003 11: 18 PM