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<br />.., ,. .. . � . . . � - . � � � ,,;_. .-. . _ . . .r., t `- �.'� ��
<br />. . � . .. . . _ . . � . . . '.. � � . . . . .. - '�,��
<br />- �
<br />. . . . . . . . .. ' _ . . ^�. �
<br />• . � . � � . . ;:�`
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<br />a in Airdri� area
<br />Per�entage of pofes containing dec y
<br />pepy OTLP BTLP BTC BTDE-L=C
<br />location Discal+ Decay Discol* Decay Discol* Decay Discol* p$�y -
<br />Surface 0.7 .... 3.3 2.0 4.Q
<br />At spur holes �+ 0.7 3.3 7.3 �7.3 8.9 ,
<br />Along checks 2A �0.7 10.6 29.1 1.6 3.3 „
<br />Severe pockets OJ 1.3 2.4 ,,,,
<br />Not deflned 0.7 .... 6.0 10.6 1.6 9J ,,,, ..�
<br />Sub•total wtth possi4le decay*#A 4.0 1.4 13.2 46.5 10.5 24.0 0.0 0.0
<br />• Discol.=discoloration, possibly inc(pient decay.
<br />t+ Because poles at intersections ai �d those supporting t�ansformers were climbed more frequently, not all types were cut by spurs in
<br />equal proportlons.
<br />••• Because soma poies contained m,ore than one type of rot, these columns are not additive.
<br />obtain the Iife, or thc complete treatrng history, of these
<br />poles.
<br />Another group of engineers was sk��ptical of pine as a
<br />power polc primarily because they were uncertain about
<br />the strength of poles infected with recl heart [Fomes
<br />pini]. The pinc polcs they had used wtre produced in
<br />an arca wherc this infection is fairly widespread and had
<br />becn culled severel�� because of incomplet,� knowledge
<br />c�f rec3 heart's cfTccl on strenbth. These engv�eers were
<br />uninformcd c�n t���o ��oints: [a] Does the red-stain stage
<br />weaken a pole? [b.] Docs red-stain proceed to r�d-rot
<br />aftcr ihe pole has becn placcd in service? The engineers
<br />also expresscd thcir distrust oE full-length treated pine,
<br />claiming that prescr��ative treatmcnt makes poles brittle
<br />.�ncl pronc tc� snaPping in the middle when dropped
<br />irom cars cluring unloading.
<br />Poles not brittle after treatment
<br />Invcstigating thc q��cstions and objcctions brought
<br />thc follo�ving r�sults:
<br />1. The prcservin� company which treated the poles
<br />for this linc admittccl that not too much was known at
<br />thc time about the tcchniq�ies of applying creosote and
<br />the msults wcre acimittedl�� inconsistent. Hence the criti-
<br />cism should bc regardec3 as inconclusive, particularly as
<br />consumers elsewhere have not experienced similar re-
<br />sults.
<br />:.'. The Vancouver Laboratory concluded from a
<br />serics of tests that, �vhilc there is a tendency for red-
<br />staincd iodgcpole pirt� to be less dccay-resistant than
<br />unstained wood, thc prescncc of stain is of little signifi-
<br />canee and cloes not aft'ect the durability of untreated
<br />lodgepolc pinc in servicc. Ottawa Laboratory tests with
<br />jack pinc indicatcd that, treated with a recognized pre-
<br />servative, thc red-stain fungus in railway ties may re-
<br />main alive but no pro�ress will be made under service
<br />conditions towar�s the red-rot stage. These authorities,
<br />in private correspondence, stated "We are of the opin-
<br />ion that our findings with jack pine will apply also to the
<br />same defect in lodgcpole pine".
<br />The idea of a polc becoming britde after full-length
<br />creosote treatment was ridculed by preservative engi-
<br />neers. Their opinion, later support�d in canversation
<br />with pole distributors, that any pole may snap in the
<br />middle if carelessly unloaded a�pears to be justified.
<br />Alexander found that pressure-creosote treatment of
<br />lodgepole pine poles does not affect the bending stren h
<br />materiall odulus of u �
<br />y[M r pture, untreated - 5,810 psi;
<br />treated 6,670 psi�.
<br />so
<br />Plans were made to study western red ceclar and
<br />lodgepale pine poles under actual service conditions
<br />with the installation of new rural developments. Two Io-
<br />cations were selected: One in the rolling, grassy fQot-
<br />hills of the Rockies near Airdrie, about 16 miles �orth
<br />of Calgary; and the other at Devon, about 20 miles
<br />southwest of Edmonton in the moist, wooded parkland
<br />of the central part of the province.
<br />To compare the most economical treatments, creo-
<br />sote b�tt-treatment was planned for both western red
<br />cedar and lodgepole pine. In addition, because of th�
<br />Checking and
<br />weathering are
<br />obvious in
<br />butt-treated
<br />pole but
<br />no decay
<br />low decay-resistance, full-length treatment of lodgepole
<br />pine poles was also planned; economic considerations
<br />suggested that this should be a diffusion treatment with
<br />Osmose salts.
<br />Poles were obtained from various suppliers an�'
<br />treated at different plants during the spri.ng of 1949.
<br />The Osmose treatment was appli�ed only to lodgepole
<br />pine poles by an operator with a very high reputation
<br />for turnin g out a superior pro duct. T hese po les were in-
<br />spected before treatment, and any containing heart rot,
<br />spiral grain, or Iarge knots were rejected. 'I'he standard
<br />full-length treatment was one part Osmosar ja fluor-
<br />chrome-arsenate-phenol preservative which is not com-
<br />pletely fixed in the wood and may diffuse in service] 'to
<br />three parts of water. The green poles were immersed for
<br />7 to 8 min, then removed and allowed to drai'n.
<br />A 3-ft brush treatment was then applied at the: -
<br />ground-line using 13/4 to 2 lb Osmo-creo [a fluor-
<br />chrome- enta-dinitro hen ' a al-fiar
<br />P p o1 reservative in co
<br />P
<br />base] and wrapped with a double l�yer of tar;:paper.:,
<br />Roofs were hippe-ci at 45 deg and brushed with`Osmo='
<br />Electrical Worfd, June -26, 1967'r
<br />t�
<br />- _ t'�:��s-T.+.,��r.��.;
<br />ti'• ' Y ` F i . 2 ' T L S ? ; 4�'c T.l_: �'. t.. ' '.a' T 't.F { . �` ..-----^'�;.�.
<br />' .).t � f.. �!..,. ^ �rY-.� _ d� ;�^,n =X'...l�=z - }5
<br />. . . . , .. � _ _
<br />�': � 'syr i�� > °
<br />- �.?. s�L'��. _ ie � M. �� �:+C �- { _� y�'
<br />i - � k �i i.,.�+� t42i� . R
<br />� _ ' - ' � �l { � -�
<br />"y _ Y j �
<br />. ;,� � - - 1 ��: � � :
<br />_ i' �
<br />Reasons for re�noving or stubbing poles ;� �: Speral�v� strai ht-' rain �
<br />_ � . 9 �d ps�e po�es
<br />, � 9 .
<br />•1
<br />� �
<br />OSLP . BTLP ' BTC BTDF L C; - ' ' ; i
<br />�Spiral Stratght �
<br />Total ie►stailed . 153 15i 123 `:: 19` gr�I� : • gratn '
<br />No. of poles ' j
<br />Line changes or r�t•rout . ' 22 16 �
<br />��g ' • . '
<br />3 , g 2
<br />Depy. ,: 1 2 - 1 .
<br />Faulty €nsulator , 1 ' ' , ` ; Negligibie decay
<br />Lightning strikes .:.. - � ' ' Z. ..., ` :: 18%, sq
<br />...
<br />Unk�own •� ` .� ; -
<br />5
<br />_ 2 1' 1 I,ncipient decay q,z / 25%
<br />� Total removed " 5 - 10 5 1 Advanced decay 41� 19%
<br />Failed due io decaY. % 0.7 1.3 ` 0.8 0.0 ' '
<br />100� 100�0
<br />creo. The poles were then placed under two layers; of `coloration and decay in the upper pazt [59.7% of the
<br />,
<br />tar paper and: allowed to remain� f�r at least ten days poles were attacked], illustrating the Iow resistance to
<br />in stacks completely covered with a tarpaulin, Steain dzcay of sapwood of this species.
<br />pipes on the�, ground increased the stack temperature On the other hanc�, full-Iength treatnnent of lodgepole I�
<br />and accelerated the d'a�sion rate. After treatment, bor- pine with Osmose salts, even though these are not com- ' �
<br />ings. taken to determirie the de�th, of penetration of pletely fixed in the wood, reduced. sapwood decay to
<br />soaium $uoride; it averaged 0.58 iri: at the ground line onIy 5.4% of the poles. This record demonstrates tLP
<br />and 0.38 in, in the upper part. �a�ue of full-length preservative treatment. Weathering
<br />T.odgepole pine, po?es were shaved for butt-treatment was also reduced and, after 14 years of service, these
<br />and machine-incisec� in the three-foot ground-line area. poles had retained the light color and high lustre and
<br />The poIes were then butt-treated in c_ren��±� �;,;uvj��g Iooked iike untreated poles installed for about a year.
<br />to the American Wood Preserver's Association Standard Even checking appeared to be less than in cedar. In
<br />P1 in five charges ranging from 7:10 to 8:4� nours at spite of only moderate resistance of this preservative to
<br />220 to 235�',fallowed by 6:?5 h�uts at 100 to 125F. leaching, , full�length treatment gave excellent 'surface �
<br />ihis resulted in an ave:age penetration of 0.80 in., or protection against decay.
<br />8�^7% of rh;, sapwood. About 92% of the bori�gs Decay in butt-treated potes recorded
<br />�wed at least /s-in. penetration; and t�.e n�t reten- �
<br />tion of the immersed wo�d was 12.1 lb of creosote per During inspection of the butt-treated lodgepole pine
<br />cu ft. poles, it was noted that surface decay and decay along �
<br />Treating records are not available for the butt-treated ehecks were more pr�valent in poles with spiral grain
<br />cedar poles. In grading t��e cedar poles; t�e inspectors than in those with straight grain. Subsequ�nt to this
<br />considered that 19 were Douglas-fir or ' larch, which observation, the type of grain and the presence or
<br />were placed in a separate group. At least itivo of these absence of decay were recorded f.or 3$ butt-treated r:
<br />have since been identi�ied as cedar. Hence this groug pine pales in which the severity of spiral varied from f
<br />is listed as tiutt-t�eated Douglas-fir, larch, and cedar. 1 turn in 30 ft to 1 turn in 8 ft. (:
<br />This transmission line, instalied in the grassy foot- The telephone line installed in the wooded 'park area �
<br />hiI1s in 1949, originally comprised these.446 poles: of Alberta in 1949 originally comprised 195 butt- �
<br />Fu11-length Osmosar and Gsmo- ; treated lodgepole: pine and 35 btttt-treated western
<br />creo - butt - treated lodgepole sed cedar poles. A large section of the line has been se- �
<br />��
<br />��e : [�TLP] 153 located and some poles replaced, bnt no record was;kepf
<br />Butt-treated loc�gepole pine. [�TLP] 151 as to the dates of or reasons' for replacement. Conse-
<br />Butt-treated cedaz [BTC] 123 quently no conclusions �vere drawn fro�i this installa- !.
<br />�utt-treated Douglas-fir, larch tion, except for the nbservation that decay in t�is a�ea ��
<br />' ��
<br />and cedar [BTDF-L-C] 29' was most prevalent along checks on the north side of .'- �:;
<br />poles. By contrast, poles in the; Airdrie test area were �`
<br />: 446 ._ noY noticeably decayed preferentially on an y particular � ,4, .:
<br />After 15 years service, 21 "poles have,been reffioved or side. The rate of dryi�g after a`storm, appears to be`ihe ' '`
<br />E
<br />stsb�ed and considerable deca; was n�ted in t�e sap- � mosf important factor governing: this phenomenon.
<br />wood af the remai�ing�poles: > �; ' ; T'he original survey establishing need;:for.this project !:
<br />I:
<br />About 40: poles wer� bored at the ground-line with was mac?� by'D. I. .Crossley; ai that time witfi :the.Ca1
<br />an increment l�orer, and examine�l'visuallp Qnly one, � gary ofi�ce• of the Forest Sei�vice. Mr. Crossle :also �:itu
<br />Y. ;: - ;
<br />treated �vitti Osmose. salts, showed_ decay. tiated, the project- and recorded`: the installation ,of the. ''
<br />:Although the buft=tre�fed DougIas-fi�r; . larch, and test poles: Since then; the Calgary office'has co-o erated
<br />_ P, `
<br />ce�ar poles showed no evicience of decay, ° some `weatli� � in periodi�c uispections of;tliese les. . �`
<br />erinQ was evideut. Tl�� ced�r: le : av � si ' can di - . ; _ ; : _, ` 1� � ' '
<br />b :po s>:h e .gnifi t s; . Ca.nada Creosoting Co ,s .Cal . lant <a�sisted -b ,. : _ ;
<br />� g�'Y,P... �. _:�. Y.�, _
<br />. : , . ,. . :. :. . : .. . : ., _-.
<br />,, ;
<br />colorahon and deca - 34:5% nn sa wa�d ;: art�cularl _.<.:�makm v ,__ <.:
<br />y [ l p , .. .a P . , : ,_ Y,. . _:, _. a ailable: treat� _ _ _.:: , .
<br />g. ,_, _ records of the ol :�: �-
<br />> es fire ted i
<br />:., , ,, - _-:_ _ : g,_ ... ,_ __p a , n ��
<br />. .. . ;;=, ,,,; :
<br />along checks .an�€ at sgur :holes, �d roughen�o:g�due.,to tl�eir iac�ties.:::And ;CaI ' _' 'Pow : '' � t � '� " 'i ��
<br />, : ,. � . , .,;., . , .
<br />; , . . .: .. � gaT3' . . �r :: o, s �oo�er�tion:, � .,, � . >,. .,.1� {;.
<br />wcd�nGT1IIg
<br />Butt-tre�
<br />Electricai .{Nor
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