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t � 24055�24 � 24055a25 24055.26 `r 24055.27 � � � 24056� 24056.1 � dirt trom �nt�ring the j�inc space. Preventing Tren��h W�rer from Entering Pipe: All openings along the line of sewer< shall be secure?y clo=ed, as directed, and at the suspensi�n of work at any time, suitable st�ppers sha11 be placed to prevent earth or other substances from enter- ing sewer. Bell Ends to Face Direction of Laying: Pipe laying shall proceec� upgrade with spigot ends pointing in the 3ireccion of flow. Railroad and Highway Cr��ssing: tdhen any railroad or trunk highway is crossed, all precautionary construction mea�ures required by the agency issuing the permit therefor shall be followed. See "Special Provisions" ar Detail Drawings. The Owner shall be re�ponsible for the securing vf necessary cr�ssing permits, and the Contractor shall give not less than 15 days notice in writing to the Engineer before .� the crossing is made� Railroa.d or highway crossings shall be paid for as a separate item, and consr_ruction requirements shall be as stated in the "Special Provisions". "''' Unsuitable Conditions for Laying Pipe: No pipe shall be lai_d in water, or �Jh�n the ' trench conditions are unsuicabLe for such w�rk, except by pE:rmission of the Engineer.;.�: JOINTING: ' ;:; ;'� Pr��cedure: Joincs for vitrified clay or cast ir�n pipe shall first be centered by thE lse of ane or more rings of c3rred oakum, After placement of pipe, a joint sha �1 '�e made �hat fills rhe complete annular space, flush cvith the e�ds of the be11. Joint filler shall be af material specified in the "Special Provisions". ': Paured type joints shall be placed in one operation and not as a saries of paurse 24056.2 Cement Mortar Joints: If cement mortar joints are specified in the "Special Pro�- visions" and mcrtar shall be relatively stiff and shall be composed of one part Portland cement and one and one-half (1-1/2) parts of clean sand with only enough water_ added to gEt pr�aper cansistency, Joint material shall completely fill the joints so that when th� pipes are shoved together, the material will be forced out th� edges of the joint entirely around the pipe. After joints are made, any superfluous material inside the pipe shall be removed by means of az appreved follo�aer or scraper. All joints must be water-tight and any leaks or defects discovered must b� immediacely repaired. Any pipe which has be�n disturbe.d after being laid cnus� be taken up, th� joint cleaned and properly relaid as directed by rhe Engineer. Joints connecting cast iron pipe �aith concr�te or clay pipes shall be made with � a c�ncrete saddle completely surrounding the joint in accordance with the "Special Provis'.ons" or detail dra�aings. Lead joints in bell and spigot cast iron pipe shall be at least two inches in depth an� thoioughly caulkede r24056.3 ' 24056.4 � 24056.5 , Cold Tr�welled Joints: Jeints stlall be made as outlined for Cement riortar Joints in Section 2�056 2. Hot p�ured Joints: Hot poured joints shall be made using material specified in the "Special Provisions" or "SpPcific Reyuirements". Suitable runners or paper gaskets or rings shall be used to h�l.d the material in the bell until it has caoled. Rubber Gasket Joints: Rubber gask2t .�oints shali be furnished for a.11 concrete pipe as stated in r_he "Spec_�.al P,�v�sions" or "Specific Requirements", and in- 24000 - 8