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Clothes Washers <br />The biggest reduction in per capita water use between the two studies was measured in the <br />clothes washer category. Starting in the mid-1990s, efficiency improvements dramatically <br />reduced water usage, from an average volume of 41 gallons per load (REU1999) to 31 gpl <br />(REU2016). Per capita use decreased 36 percent from 15.0 gpcd (REU1999) to 9.6 gpcd (REU2016). <br />Toilets <br />The flush volume of toilets has decreased 29 percent from 3.65 gallons per flush (REU1999) to <br />2.6 gpf (REU2016). Toilet flushing frequency has remained the same -5.0 flushes per person per <br />day. In REU1999, just 5 percent of toilet flushes were 2.2 gpf or less. In REU2016, 37 percent of <br />toilet flushes were 2.2 gpf or less. <br />Dishwashers <br />An automatic dishwasher was present in 84 percent of the end use study homes in REU2016. <br />36% <br />DECREASE <br />(gpcd) <br />................ <br />29% <br />DECREASE <br />(gal/flush) <br />.................. <br />39% <br />The average water volume per dishwasher load decreased 39 percent, from 10.0 gallons per load DECREASE <br />(REU1999) to 6.1 gpl (REU2016). A comparison of households showed that if a house lacked a (gal/load) <br />.................. <br />dishwasher, faucet use did not increase, which would normally be supposed. Regardless of the <br />presence of a dishwasher, faucet use averaged 26 gphd. <br />Lea ks <br />The average daily per capita leakage decreased 17 percent from 9.5 gallons per capita daily <br />(REU1999) to 79 gpcd (REU2016). Thirty-two percent of homes had higher leakage rates, as <br />high as 600 gallons per household per day. <br />Showers, Faucets and Bathtubs Showed Minimal Change <br />REU2016 shows minimal change in showering patterns. The average duration held steady at <br />78 minutes per shower. The flow rate decreased just 0.1 gallon per minute. The average <br />faucet use per household and per capita did not change at a statistically significant level from <br />REU1999 to REU2016. Bathtubs showed a small increase, from 1.2 gpcd (REU1999) to 1.5 gpcd <br />(REU2016). The presence of children (aged 12 and under) increased bathtub use. <br />Nay' <br />17% <br />DECREASE <br />(gpcd) <br />................ <br />0% <br />DECREASE <br />................. <br />RESIDENTIAL END USESOF WATER, VERSION 2: EXECUTIVE REPORT 1 9 <br />