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About the Utilities in this Study <br />The 23 utilities studied in this report represent a time and place snapshot <br />of how water is used in single-family homes in North America, based on <br />a statistically representative sample of customers from these locations. <br />Research Approach <br />Random samples of representative single-family customers were the center of the research. The study <br />collected highly detailed information from 2010 to 2013 on water use, demographics, and the homes' <br />landscapes. <br />REU2016 followed the same basic research approach as REU1999, with some notable additions. The new study <br />included more varied site locations, collection of hot water data, and more detailed landscape analysis. <br />Study Participants <br />Survey data collection <br />Utilities from across the United States and Canada were invited to participate <br />7`/� <br />23,749 <br />� <br />as study sites. Ultimately, 23 utilities joined the study as full participants. Each <br />/ � <br />selected a sample of approximately 1,000 single-family homes from their active <br />Billed consumption data <br />customer accounts. From that database, billed consumption data were collected <br />from 23,749 homes. An extensive survey was mailed to a total of 13,749 selected <br />� ��� <br />4,r634 <br />households and a total of 4,643 usable surveys were returned. The 23 utilities <br />Extensive surveys <br />also provided information on metered consumption, water conservation <br />0 ....................................................... <br />programs, drought and conservation plans, budgets, staffing levels, and water <br />838 <br />and wastewater rates. <br />11 11 <br />Landscape analysis <br />Nine of the utilities, called Level 1 study sites, participated more extensively. <br />group <br />r -----.--------.---..----.---- <br />Nine hundred homes were selected for additional end use sampling. Of these, <br />r—J�I <br />analyzed flow traces, 110 were selected for hot water flow monitoring, and <br />/ <br />L762 <br />838 homes participated in a Landscape Analysis Group. (The other 14 locations <br />End use monitoring <br />are called Level 2 study sites.) <br />samples <br />a....................................................... <br />The 23 utilities participating in REU2016 come from across North America and <br />94 <br />encompass a tremendous climatic, geographic, and demographic diversity. <br />Hot water end use <br />flow monitoring <br />........................................................ <br />12 1 RESIDENTIAL END USESOF WATER, VERSION 2: EXECUTIVE REPORT <br />