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Hot Water Flow Trace Analysis <br />A subset of the end use sample group was selected for hot water flow trace analysis. Accurate and usable <br />hot water data were obtained from 94 homes that had been monitored for hot water use for approximately <br />two weeks. This represents one of the largest efforts to date to collect and analyze hot water end use data <br />in North America. <br />Outdoor Use Investigation <br />The Landscape Group was comprised of a sample of 838 households. The primary aim was to explore the <br />efficiency of irrigation practices through a comparison of the volume of irrigation water applied to the <br />theoretical irrigation requirements of each residential lot. Annual outdoor water use was estimated for <br />each house using historical billing records, flow trace monitoring, and pre-existing high-resolution aerial <br />photographs of each home's landscape. <br />Improved Understanding of Residential Water Use <br />The information provided by utilities in this study is significant because single-family homes typically use <br />the most water of any customer sector. These data are essential for understanding demand patterns and <br />establishing end-use benchmarks. Indoor water use will continue to decline in the future, which will impact <br />utility water sales. REU2016 provides current data, evaluates conservation potential, and develops predictive <br />models to assess and forecast residential demand. <br />14 1 RESIDENTIAL END USESOF WATER, VERSION 2: EXECUTIVE REPORT <br />