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Recycling Market Outlook for 2019 <br />2018 has been a difficult year for the sale of recyclable materials. From a zero -waste perspective we appreciate the efforts China is making to insist on quality <br />materials and build their internal recycling system. In the long run, this could help the U.S. clean up our recycling stream and build up our capacity to recycle <br />plastics and paper domestically. We see investment in increased capacity but it is yet to be determined how exactly these investments will impact capacity <br />and pricing for both paper and plastics. Furthermore, until that capacity is built, we can expect to continue to see depressed paper markets. At this point, we <br />expect the current pricing will continue through the year, though it could get a bit better or even a bit worse — industry experts aren't sure. <br />Although there were predictions that China's National Sword and Blue Sky policies would impact plastics pricing, we were fortunate not to see that in 2018 <br />and that helped counter some of the decrease from significantly depressed fiber prices. That said, oil prices have been decreasing and that tends to bring <br />lower plastic pricing so we expect those commodities to depress a bit. <br />Metals markets were thrown into chaos the fall of 2018, and we expect to see that volatility continue in 2019 and likely get even worse. This depression was <br />caused by a few different factors including: <br />• one of the major aluminum markets deciding to close one of their aluminum can manufacturing facilities, thus flooding the market with aluminum <br />cans that had limited places to go, <br />• the uncertainty around tariffs which discouraged businesses from making investments and made it difficult to consistently market metals to other <br />countries, <br />• and the decreased production in the auto market which has historically been a large purchaser of recycled steel and aluminum. <br />We expect the metals market to continue to decrease at least through the beginning of the year and are unsure of what will happen long term. There are <br />plans to increase beverage can manufacturing in the U.S. but it will take a few years before that has an impact on aluminum demand so won't impact pricing <br />in 2019. <br />Trucking also continues to impact pricing negatively as there is a shortage of truck drivers and much stricter limits on how long they can drive. This is <br />increasing the cost of transportation which can negatively impact pricing—especially for materials that are shipped out of state such as tin and aluminum. <br />Although the pricing for recyclable materials is not very optimistic, Eureka Recycling continues to have good relationships with our end markets and has not <br />had any problem moving material in 2018. We have at least three markets interested in each material except for glass and regularly get positive comments <br />regarding the quality of the recyclables we sell. Additionally, we continue to focus on local markets when possible — in 2018 85% of the material we processed <br />stayed in Minnesota, 90 percent in the Midwest, and all of it stayed in North America. These business practices have been in place for years as a reflection of <br />our values around the environmental, economic, and human impacts of recycling, and we have seen the benefit of these relationships even more than usual <br />in the current market environment. <br />The current policies in place in China and the flooded domestic markets have created an industry -wide focus on reducing the contamination in our recycling <br />stream, and the focus is now on "recycling better' rather than simply "recycling more'. <br />