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Figure 1. Indoor household use by fixture *The "Other` category includes evaporative cooling, humidification, water softening, and other uncategorized indoor uses. Indoor Use Toilet flushing is the largest indoor use of water in single-family homes, followed by faucets, showers, clothes washers, leaks, bathtubs, other/miscellaneous, and dishwashers (see Figure 1). Mandated reductions in toilet flush and clothes washer volumes and shower and faucet flow rates have contributed to the declines in residential water use. REU2016 showed indoor water use at 138 gallons per household per day (gphd). A sample of new homes built according to EPSs WaterSense New Home Specification Version 1.0 had an average daily per household water use of 110 gphd (DeOreo et al. 20112). Hot Water In a sub -sample of 94 homes, the average household hot water use was 45.5 gphd, which accounted for 33.2% of total indoor water use. Showers and faucets each consumed substantially more hot water than all the other end uses combined. For showers, the average daily household hot water use was 17.8 gallons, and for faucets, 15.4 gallons. Table 1. Average daily hot water use per household Shower 39.1% 17.8 gphd Faucet 33.8% 15.4 gphd S W 4.4 gphd Bath sss� 2.6 gphd �� 4.8% 2.2 gphd Leak 4.6% 2.1 gphd ssss 2.0% 0.9 gphd Toilet 0% _ Toilet Faucet Shower Clothes washer Leak Bath Other* Dishwasher 24% 20% 20% 16% 13% 3% 3% 2% 32.6 gphd 27.0 gphd 26.9 gphd 22.0 gphd 17.8 gphd 4.4 gphd 4.0 gphd 2.2 gphd *The "Other` category includes evaporative cooling, humidification, water softening, and other uncategorized indoor uses. Indoor Use Toilet flushing is the largest indoor use of water in single-family homes, followed by faucets, showers, clothes washers, leaks, bathtubs, other/miscellaneous, and dishwashers (see Figure 1). Mandated reductions in toilet flush and clothes washer volumes and shower and faucet flow rates have contributed to the declines in residential water use. REU2016 showed indoor water use at 138 gallons per household per day (gphd). A sample of new homes built according to EPSs WaterSense New Home Specification Version 1.0 had an average daily per household water use of 110 gphd (DeOreo et al. 20112). Hot Water In a sub -sample of 94 homes, the average household hot water use was 45.5 gphd, which accounted for 33.2% of total indoor water use. Showers and faucets each consumed substantially more hot water than all the other end uses combined. For showers, the average daily household hot water use was 17.8 gallons, and for faucets, 15.4 gallons. Table 1. Average daily hot water use per household Shower 39.1% 17.8 gphd Faucet 33.8% 15.4 gphd Clothes washer 9.7% 4.4 gphd Bath 5.7% 2.6 gphd Dishwasher 4.8% 2.2 gphd Leak 4.6% 2.1 gphd Other 2.0% 0.9 gphd Toilet 0% 0.0 gphd Total 45.5 gphd 'Nearly 100 percent of the 25 new homes studied in DeOreo etal. 2011 met the following efficiency criteria: clothes washers with ca- pacities of s30 gallons per load (gpl), shower flow rates s2.5 gallons per minute (gpm), and toilet flushes s 2.0 gallons per flush (gpf). RESIDENTIAL END USESOF WATER, VERSION 2: EXECUTIVE REPORT 1 5