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City of St Louis Park Greenhouse Gas Assessment City Operations, 2005 to 2015 Figure 3: Largest Sources of Greenhouse Gas Emissions, 2005 to 2015 3,000 —Production/distribution of potable water 2,500 —Rec Center G H —Liquid fuels, Public G 2,000 Works and Parks —Streetlights, Signals, and It 1,500 o Flashers —Municipal Service Center n n 1000 —Hamilton House e s —Police Dept 500 —City Hall - —Fire stations 2005 2010 2015 City buildings and facilities: Narrowing the focus to just the buildings and facilities sector and, even more specifically, to data in 2010 relative to 2005, Table 1 shows that electricity and natural gas consumption was 4% higher in 2010 than in 2005, and Table 2 shows that GHG emissions were 4% lower. The primary reasons for these changes are twofold:' The City increased the size of the Municipal Service Center by 45% between in 2010, which increased consumption However, Xcel Energy's emission factor was 13% lower in 2010 than in 2005 (Table 1), which significantly reduced emissions in spite of the increased consumption.' Without the expansion, emissions from the Center would have been about 200 tonnes lower in 2010. Turning to 2015, Table 1 shows that electricity consumption was 6% higher in 2015 than in 2010 and that natural gas consumption decreased significantly (-14%). Table 2 shows that GHG emissions were 9% lower than in 2010. The primary reasons for these changes are as follows: The decrease in GHG emissions was primarily due to Xcel Energy's emission factor being 11% lower in 2015 than in 2010. Facility changes also help explain the changes. The two fire stations doubled in size and equipment around 2011 and 2012. As a result, natural gas consumption increased significantly and also because the gas boilers are used to dehumidify the bays even in the summer. This increase in gas consumption was more than offset by reduced consumption by all the other major consumers (the Rec Center, City Hall, Hamilton House, the Municipal Service Center, and the Police Dept.). Facility changes that increased electricity consumption included the addition of an outside pond and waterfall in 2012 at the Nature Center plus outdoor 3 Weather was not a significant factor because there is little difference in the heating and cooling degree days between 2010 and 2005. The GHG emissions associated with electricity generation vary over time according to a variety of factors, most importantly type of generating facility, fuel mix, and percent of renewable and nuclear generation. In addition. utilities purchase electricity from other generators, which can have very different GHG emission rates. As such, the calculation of annual GHG emissions depends on both the consumption data, which is in kilowatt-hours (kWh), and the emission factor thatyear. In contrast, the GHG emission rate for natural gas is very stable. ORANGE ENVIRONMENTAL