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i a TMAh C 11 � The following twelve countermeasures are identified, along with their benefits and design, cost, an d location considerations: • Advance Stop Here for Pedestrians sign and stop line • Crosswalk lighting • Crosswalk pavement marking • Crosswalk warning signs • Curb extension • In -street pedestrian crossing sign • Parking restrictions on crosswalk approach • Pedestrian hybrid beacon Examples are provided for various roadway segments based on the following. criteria: • Number of lanes in each direction • Average annual daily traffic (AADT) - Two lanes - Less than 9,000 - Three lanes with raised median - 9,000 to 151000 - Three lanes without raised median - Greater than 15,000 - Four or more lanes with raised median - Four or more lanes without raised median • Pedestrian refuge island • Raised crosswalks • Rectangular Rapid -Flashing Beacon • 4- to 3- lane conversion • Speed - Less than or equal to 30 mph - 35 mph - Greater than or equal to 40 mph Each example lists the countermeasures that should always be considered, those that should also be considered and those that should be used only in conjunction with other countermeasures. Note: Treatments in the "always consider" and "also consider" Categories are not mandated or required. Agencies should also review safety issues, surrounding land development, pedestrian travel patterns, countermeasure effectiveness and costs when considering appropriate countermeasures for the crossing. This guide was developed based on guidance from the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and the Pedestrian Crosswalk Policy Development Guidelines (Report 202ORIC01), a Local Road Research Board studi)(that aims to improve pedestrian safety at uncontrolled crosswalks. The report is available along with this quick reference guide at lrrrb.org IRRH LOCAL ROAD RESEARCH BOARD