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iffering <br />"hopelessly confused," with lower court differing <br />in their analytical frameworks <br />rments Zonin <br />wideiv Note , ..._ <br />ar <br />takings challenges. 1464 (1978.))• <br />91 Barv.L.Rev. 1427, <br />v, California Coastal Cm'-' 166 <br />in Gru a Court upheld a <br />Recently _--�- — where the ro erty as a <br />ppp• 3d 148► 173 (1985)� owner's property <br />Cal. two-thirds of an single family <br />dedication Of ranting building approval for �► <br />ondit' to g tack that it amounted to a taking ► <br />c as against an at <br />dwelling <br />the Court stated: a <br />government action amounts to <br />when 9 requiring the payment of <br />Determining req <br />Fifth ;pmenament taking well defined <br />or invalidation of the ��tian is no <br />a <br />compensationthat may proceed <br />simple undertakingStates Supreme Courtitself <br />to <br />fashion. The Unitedbeen <br />admitted i to��determ determine when "justice <br />has candidly arils caused <br />develolP a '"set formula" <br />fairness" require the economic the government, <br />compens$ted by concentrated <br />and <br />public action dispropo�`t innately 438 U-S. <br />rather than remai � Penn Ce; tral, _su��ra-1 <br />a few persons. a court has observes <br />onInstead. e 9 <br />at P. 12 4. a particular restriction will <br />that whether overnment s failure a pay <br />rendered invalid by the g caused by it <br />depends <br />en any losses proxima►� ely <br />he particular circumst States [vn <br />largely upon t quoting UnitesiW (l'95# <br />that] case. (Ibid., �� <br />57 U • S� The <br />Central. 'Eureka lin•S Ca• ► 78 S«Ct. 10573 .� <br />����_� �' ►Z37 t t agree that the <br />L• most Part ravide <br />commentata t far Supreme Court has failed to to mining <br />United States Sup standard for de <br />any clear and adequatea "taking" <br />when governmental <br />action results in <br />under the P i f th Amendment. . ° . 01Y. ' <br />CO,, v . „_. �� <br />Penn Central Tres Staff Supreme Caurtdmitting clearest <br />�U�� w lthough a <br />res�ain "taking law. � proceeded on <br />statement of " analysi tti a`e`Su�,reme Court <br />�'�_ Central that t taking <br />basis,, <br />an essent a ly �► particular <br />identify "several factors that First# is <br />did i the analysis. <br />significance i of the faction) on the claimant <br />impact to which the <br />*economic imp the extent <br />and, rtic�larly. l4 E57 <br />has interfered with distinct investment - <br />and, <br />regulation (438 U.S. at p. <br />backed expectations. " &econde is the "character Of <br /># ta►king' may more <br />i.Ed. 2dr at `i'" 64actian. with <br />the goVernmenfal when the interference <br />readily' be <br />-6 <br />