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<br />Average Trip Characteristics by Purpose <br /> <br />Puf't:ioseo,f Tr-ip <br /> <br />Distance Duration <br />(in- miles) :-, (ili mihute~) <br /> <br /> To or from work . 0.74 10.86 <br /> Work-related business 0.5 9.11 <br /> $hopping . 0.44 9.42 <br /> C)ther family pi .... 0.45 9.06 <br /> p~rsbnal bu~jness <br /> $ghool or.church 0.55 I 10.89 <br /> . <br /> [;lo~tor or .dentist. 0.81 14.80 <br /> Y~catiQrii. ........ 1.41 '.18.96 <br />. Visitfrierlds or relatives d.47 '.9.07 <br /> (ltber sQc.iator 0134. 12.74 <br /> recreational. . .' . <br /> Other. . ... .'. . 0.79 12.37 <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />4 <br /> <br />Safety <br /> <br />Pedestrian safety is a major traffic safety probfem, and one <br />that has typically been overlooked or ignored. This problem <br />is evident in many communities where neighborhood <br />streets are becoming speedways due to so-called "design <br />improvements" which make them wider, or when they are <br />invaded by commuters rushing to work, delivery drivers, <br />or unsafe drivers just looking for a shortcut. Add to this a <br />nearly complete lack of effective speed enforcement, and it <br />comes as no surprise that neighborhoods are being overrun <br />by cars and that fewer people are walking today. <br /> <br />Part of the problem is that pedestrian safety has usually <br />been a secondary traffic engineering issue. The overriding <br />goal of traffic engineering has been to improve roadway <br />"level of service" which often means designing roads with <br />wide lanes and shoulders, large turn radii at intersections, <br />passing and turning lanes, and other features that enable <br />more motor vehicles to travel at higher speeds. Few <br />efforts have focused on ensuring that streets are safe for <br />both pedestrians and motor vehicles and fewer still have <br />sought to modify driving behavior to better protect and <br />accommodate pedestrian travel. <br /> <br />Increased speeds put pedestrians at higher risk. A ten- <br />mile-per-hour increase in speed, from 20 mph to 30 <br />mph, increases the risk of death for a pedestrian in a <br />collision ninefold. If a car going 20 miles per hour hits a <br />pedestrian, there is a 95 percent chance that the person will <br />survive. However, if the same car is traveling 30 mph, the <br />pedestrian's chances of survival are reduced to 45 percent. <br /> <br />Creating walkable communities is a challenge: much of what <br />we've done over the past 50 years-in terms of how we've <br />developed our communities and our transportation facilities- <br />has made it harder to walk and to get to places we might <br />want to go. Still, many people do walk, and there are signs <br />that they'd like to do more of it. <br /> <br />We need to give people more choices on how to travel when <br />it comes time to make a trip to the store, to go to school, <br />to go to the park or library, or to visit a friend. We need to <br />make neighborhoods places where parents feel comfortable <br />with their children running around, playing with friends. We <br />need to make our communities places where the elderly and <br />the disabled are free to move around in relative comfort and <br />safety. We need to make the places where we live and the <br />places where we work environments that encourage us to be <br />active - just for the health of it! <br />