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into widespread zoning schemes that all but replaced private land use schemes as a means of planning. Form-based code, a principal tool of New Urbanism, represents the next step in the evolution of land use planning; like zoning, this tool comes at time of massive social and economic change in the American urban environments. In such a context, the word community becomes even more a contested notion. For this reason, one of the most noteworthy features of the form based code, the community consultative process via the charrette, becomes a subject for significant critique. IIL The Charrette and the Nature of the "Community" in the Process of Developing the Form-Based Code In writing about the communal nature of the city and the development of neighborhoods, Jane Jacobs expressed skepticism about the notion held by traditional planners that there was a sufficient commonality between people living in the same geographical area of a city so as to assume them to be allies for purposes of creating and maintaining successful cities.93 She suggested, for example, that the several thousand residents of a particular section of a large city have no "innate degree of natural cross connection"94 such as that presumed by traditional planners, and that hence, city planning which seeks to foster the growth of neighborhoods can have only limited success.95 These observations remain true, and the differences between and among the residents in any particular section of a city remain one of the biggest challenges to � Jacobs, Great American Cities, at 114-116. 94 Id at 115 95 Id 26