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connected to government. g Instead, the cities of old often spontaneously developed, with the buildings, streets, and neighborhoods themselves forming a type of "law."9 Because creating the amenities necessary to implementing New Urbanism often requires substantial changes to infrastructure, form-based code is more frequently utilized in the design of new towns and undeveloped sections of towns and cities, or in efforts to infill or retrofit land in existing urban areas. Form-based code, however, unlike the Euclidean zoning10 codes that are at the base of most zoning and planning schemes in United States cities and towns,ii focuses not on land use but on the character of development. Instead of attempting to segregate uses across 8 Sally Falk Moore, Legal Systems of the World: An Introductory Guide to Classifications, Typological Interpretations and Bibliographical Resources, in Law and the Social Sciences 11,15 (Leon Lipson & Stanton Wheeler eds., 1986). 9 According to Jacobs, the diversity was generated by the existence of certain design features which in effect generate "law"—the street, the neighborhood, the district, and ultimately the city are organs of self-government in the successful city. Jacobs, Great American Cities 117-122 (1961). io Euclidean zoning refers to the segregation of land uses into specified geographic districts and dimensional standards. This form of zoning was upheld by the United States Supreme Court in Village of Euclid v. Ambler Realty Co., 272 U.S. 365 (1926). I address Euclid in further below infra at n. 49. i i Some municipalities implement performance zoning instead of or in addition to Euclidean zoning. Frederick W. Acker, Performance Zoning, 67 Notre Dame L. Rev. 363, 364 (1991). Performance zoning employs performance-based or goal-oriented criteria to establish review parameters for proposed development proj ects in any area of a municipality, such as how a particular proj ect impacts adj acent lands and public facilities. Id. at 369. In its most unadulterated form, performance zoning allows for the broadest range of uses and creates a uniform system of performance standards throughout a particular municipality. Id. Other municipalities include incentive based zoning as a supplement to Euclidean zoning. See Jerold S. Kayden , The 1991 Bellagio Conference On U. S.-U. S. S.R. Environmental Protection Institution: Market-Based Regulatory Approaches: A Comparative Discussion Of Environmental And Land Use Techniques In The United States, 19 B.C. Envtl. Af£ L. Rev. 565, 568-569 (1992). Incentive zoning is closely related to performance zoning, but is a system by which zoning incentives are provided to developers on the condition that specific physical, social, or cultural benefits are provided to the community. Id. �