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innovation, technological advances, and notions of limitless abundance.35 It was also characterized by previously unseen levels of pollution and other environmental degradation.36 This was, moreover, a time of seismic socioeconomic change, vastly altered mores, and an associated anomie, all of which caused the period to be described by various commentators as both the beginning of and the beginning of the end of the "American" way of life.37 This vast schism in the perceptions of early twentieth century life grew largely from the growth in social mobility that accompanied the changes of this period.38 While social mobility was arguably one of the hallmarks of life in the United States because it resulted in a broadening of the middle class and the rise of a new wealthy class, social mobility was at the same time the bane of many members of the long established landed upper classes. Explicit, legislated urban planning was a means of inediating the burgeoning class conflict in American cities.39 Because some of the world's older cities had already begun to confront this challenge, many looked to Europe for answers and especially to the land use mechanism being developed in parts of England which came to be known as the Garden Cities movement. Workplace, in Building the Knowledge Economy: Issues, Applications, Case Studies 1131 (Paul Cunningham et al. eds., 2003). 35 Thomas C. Shevory, Body/Politics: Studies in Reproduction, Production, and (Re)Construction 24 (2000). 36 Kelly, supra at note 34. 37 Barry W. Johnson & Martha Briton Eller, Federal Taxation of Inheritance and Wealth Transfers, in Inheritance and Wealth in America 66 (Robert Keith Miller & Stephen J. McNamee eds., 1998). 38 Id 39 T.7 1 Ll 13