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Table of Contents <br />Introduction <br />Questions Asked <br />Key Findings <br />Background: What Is a"Living Wage" Law? <br />Methodology <br />Relationship to Other Research <br />Findings <br />City Contracts: Lower Than Expected Costs <br />Table 1: Increases in City Contract Costs After Passage of Living Wage Laws, 2001 <br />Table 2: Increases in Human Services Contract Costs After Passage of Living Wage Laws, 2001 <br />Table 3: Comparison of Cost Projections with Actual Increases in Contract Costs <br />Factors That May Account for Limited Impact on Contract Costs <br />Relatively Few Service Contracts Have Large Concentrations of Low-Wage Workers <br />Contractors Absorbed Some of the Labor Cost Increases <br />Ciry Business Subsidies: Smarter Economic Development <br />Employers Have Continued to Seek Ciry Business Subsidies in Localities Where <br />Subsidized Jobs Must Pay a Living Wage <br />Table 4: Impact of Living Wage Laws on City Business Subsidy Programs, 2001 <br />Limited Impact Even on Business Subsidy Programs That Target Employers <br />in Lower Paying Sectors Such as Retail <br />Factors That May Account for Limited Impact on Local Business Subsidy Programs <br />Firms Targeted by Economic Development Agencies Already Paid Higher Wages <br />Living Wage Laws Increased Public Confidence in Business Subsidy Programs <br />Living Wage Laws Helped Focus Business Subsidy Programs <br />Conclusion <br />i <br />} <br />.i <br />5 <br />6 <br />6 <br />6 <br />7 <br />8 <br />L� <br />� <br />� <br />:! <br />:i <br />:.� <br />_4 <br />:� <br />_� <br />,� <br />