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2004_0816_Packet
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2004_0816_Packet
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5/12/2014 3:43:37 PM
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Roseville City Council
Document Type
Council Agenda/Packets
Meeting Date
8/16/2004
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LITERATURE REVIEW <br />Background on Smoking and Secondhand Smoke <br />Secondhand smoke, also known as environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), is a complex chemical <br />mixture emitted by a lit tobacco product or exhaled by a smoker. Secondhand smoke contains <br />thousands of chemicals, including mare than 50 known cancer-causing agents and 200 known <br />poisons. In 1992 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency published a majar assessment of the <br />respiratory health risks of exposure to secondhand smoke." Secondhand smoke is a human lung <br />carcinogen, responsible for approximately 3,000 lung cancer deaths annually among U.S. <br />nonsmokers.'g Secondhand smoke has been classified as a Group A carcinogen under EPA's <br />carcinogen assessment guidelines (other carcinogens on this list are asbestos and radon). This <br />classification is reserved for those compounds or mixtures that have been shown to cause cancer <br />in humans, based on studies in human populations.18 <br />Numerous authorities have determined that secondhand smoke is harmful to human health. <br />These authorities include the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the World Health <br />Organization, the American Medical Association, the American Lung Association, the American <br />Cancer Association, the U.S. National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, the National <br />Academy of Sciences, the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration, and the Office <br />of the U.S. Surgeon General. <br />Health Effects of Secondhand Smoke on Adults and Children <br />There is no safe level of exposure to secondhand ama�€c. ' Scientific and medical literature has <br />confirmed that exposure to secondhand smoke causes many illnesses in nonsmokers including: <br />• cancer (lung, nasal sinus, and possibly ��}��r�� <br />� heart �i�17" <br />• asthma,2z and <br />• low birth w'�i�h1.'' <br />Infants and children are particularly vulnerable to secondhand smoke, which causes: <br />• respiratory tract infections (chest colds, sinusitis, bronchitis, and Fn�urreuni���'� <br />• asthma (including mare frequent exacerbations and mare severe �}'rnpt�m��"" <br />• middle ear infections (often necessitating surgery to insert ear tubes) `'�" <br />• decreased lung function (coughing, wheezing, increased mucus pr�du�ti�n�'a <br />• and possibly adult cancers (leukemia, Iyrr�Frv�m��_' <br />Secondhand smoke is also linked to sudden infant death syndrome (independent of birth weight <br />and gestational a�c� "�` <br />Health Effects of Secondhand Smoke on Employees and Customers <br />A review of research on restaurant employees found that secondhand smoke is a significant <br />occupational health hazard for food-service workers.' Hospitality employees working in settings <br />with no restrictions on customer smoking are exposed to secondhand smoke on a regular basis at <br />
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