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wrap Up and Action <br />Have students discuss how water <br />~ the pump became contami- <br />~ed, Tell them that the disease <br />broke out in India prior to the <br />London epidemic. Point out that <br />S~Ce ships travel to many countries, <br />~,ey often transport diseases. <br />~~ with students why most <br />,forth Americans need not worry <br />about becoming infected with. <br />cholera. Some students who have <br />~aVeled abroad may have received a <br />cholera vaccination. Why was this <br />necessary'? <br />Have students research how patho- <br />Bens are prevented from entering <br />their water supplies. Students can <br />make a poster of water diseases that <br />have occurred in their community <br />and how people can avoid contract- <br />ing them. <br />psse me <br />Have students: <br />. use investigative skills to trace the <br />source of a waterborne disease <br />(steps 4, 5, and 6). <br />Notes <br />Extensions <br />Students can research recent out- <br />breaks of waterborne epidemics in <br />the United States (e.g., Alabama- <br />1991; Milwaukee-1993). <br />Have students study their <br />community's water resources. Obtain <br />a map of the water system. Visit a <br />water treatment plant. Talk with <br />community water managers and <br />determine the methods and fre- <br />quency of water testing. How would <br />water suppliers and health depart- <br />ment officials manage outbreaks of <br />disease? <br />By visiting local museums and <br />reading old diaries and newspapers, <br />students may research the history of <br />waterborne diseases and epidemics <br />in their community, region, and/or <br />state. A host of other diseases <br />depend on water-breeding insects to <br />survive. These include malaria, <br />yellow fever, dengue fever, and <br />encephalitis. Malaria alone infects <br />800 million people annually and <br />over 1 million die each year. <br />Poison Pump <br />Have students research diseases that <br />duectly result from water scarcity- <br />trachoma, leprosy, conjunctivitis, <br />and scabies. Cholera, typhus, infec- <br />tious hepatitis, diarrhea, and dysen- <br />tery occur because of poor water <br />quality. Diarrhea and dysentery kill <br />tens of thousands of children around <br />the world each year. <br />esorces <br />Balows, Albert, and William J. <br />Hausler, et a1. 1991. Manual of Clinical <br />Microbiology, 5th ed. Washington, <br />D.C.: American Society for Microbi- <br />ology. <br />Baron, Finegold, and Peterson. 1994. <br />Diagnostic Microbiology, 9th ed. St. <br />Louis, Mo.: Mosby Publishing Co. <br />Howard, Barbara J., ed. 1994. Clinical <br />and Pathogenic Microbiology, 2nd ed. <br />St Louis, Mo.: Mosby Publishing Co. <br />'~ <br />Snow, John, M.D.1965. Snow on <br />Cholera, New York, N.Y.: Hafner <br />Publishing Co. <br />95 <br />