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1998-01-22_AgendaPacket
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1998-01-22_AgendaPacket
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Commission/Committee
Commission/Authority Name
Grass Lake WMO
Commission/Committee - Document Type
Agenda/Packet
Commission/Committee - Meeting Date
1/22/1998
Commission/Committee - Meeting Type
Regular
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Table 5: Twenty-four strategies to minimize impervious area at the site level (adapted from <br />City of Olympia, 1994; Schueler. 1995; and PZC, 1992) _ <br />1. Narrower residential road widths <br />2. Reduced road lengths <br />3. Hourglass streets <br />4. Cluster development <br />5. Shared driveways <br />6. Angled parking with one way traffic flow <br />7. Smaller parking stalls <br />13. Vertical parking structures <br />14. Two and three story buildings <br />15. Stream buffers <br />16. Grass swales rather than curb/gutters <br />17. Open space requirements (residential) <br />18. Open space landscaping requirements (comm). <br />19. Sidewalks only on one-side of street <br />8. Reduced parking space ratios for some uses 20. Reduced side and rear yard setbacks <br />9. Shared parking facilities `~ commercial areas 21. Decrease distance between lots (frontage) <br />10. Shorter residential driveways <br />11. Reduced cul-de-sac radii <br />12. Cul-de-sac donuts <br />22. Hammerhead-shaped turnarounds <br />23. Rear yard grading to buffer <br />24. Permeable spillover parking areas <br />Conclusion <br />Research has revealed that imperviousness is a <br />powerful and important indicator of future stream <br />quality and that significant degradation occurs ar rela- <br />tivelylow levels of development. The strong relation- <br />ship between imperviousness and stream quality pre- <br />sents aserious challenge for urban watershed manag- <br />ers. It underscores the difficulty in maintaining urban <br />stream quality in the face of development. <br />At the same time, imperviousness represents a <br />common currency that can be measured and managed <br />by planners, engineers and landscape architects alike. <br />It links activities of the individual development site <br />with its cumulative impactat the watershed scale. With <br />further research, impervious cover can serve as an <br />important foundation for more effective land use plan- <br />ning decisions. <br />References <br />i. Benke, A. E. Wi]leke, F. Parrish and D. Stites. <br />1981. Effects of urbanization on stream ecosys- <br />tems. Completion report ProjectNo. A-055-GA. <br />Office of Water Research and Technology. US <br />Dept. of Interior. <br />2. Black and Veatch. 1994. Longwell Branch <br />Restoration-feasibility study. Vol 1. Carrol <br />County, MD Office of Environmental Services. <br />220 pp. <br />3. Booth, D. 1991. Urbanization and the natural <br />drainage system-impacu, solutions and prog- <br />noses.. Northwest Environmental Journal. 7(1): <br />93-1 18. <br />4. Booth, D. and L. Reinelt. 1993. Consequences of <br />Urbanization on Aquatic Systems.- measured <br />effects, degradation thresholds, and corrective <br />strategies.pp. 545-5~0 in Proceedings Water- <br />shed '93 A National conference on Watershed <br />Management. March 21-24, 1993. Alexandria, <br />Virginia. <br />5. City of Olympia, 1994(a). Impervious Surface <br />Reduction Study: Technical and Policy Analy- <br />sis-Final Report. Public Works Department, <br />Olympia, Washington. 83 pp. <br />6. City of Olympia, 1994(b), Impervious Surface <br />Reduction Study. Draft Final Report. Public <br />Works Department. City of Olympia, Washing- <br />ton. 183 pp. <br />7. Duda, A and K. Cromartie. 1982. Coastal pollu- <br />tion from septic tank drainfields. Journal of tl~e <br />Environmental Engineering Division (ASCE) <br />108 (EE6). <br />8. Evett et al. 1994. Effects of urbanization and land <br />use changes on low stream flow. North Carolina <br />Water Resources Research Institute, Report No. <br />284. 66 pp. <br />9. Galli, J. 1991. Thermal impacts associated with <br />urbanization and stotTttwater management best <br />management practices. Metropolitan Washing- <br />. ton Council of Governments. Maryland Depart- <br />ment of Environment. Washington, D.C. 188 <br />PP• <br />10. Galli, J. 1993. Rapid Stream Assessment Tech- <br />nique.Metropolitan Washington Counci 1 of Gov- <br />eriiii%nu. `:'as hington, D.C. <br />110 ~~a~~?~~a~a~l,~:a~r.~~~r!?~-~~c7C^,~4'~=~ O ~,~C , `t~lh~;~' Lj ~~~(~~~1:; <br />
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