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Recycling Pilot Program Summary <br />No comparison of dual-stream versus single-stream residuals was provided as part <br />of this study.. <br />The study cited its production standard of an average of 1.5% or less for total <br />contamination (outthrows and prohibitives) for its newspaper grade with an action <br />limit of 2%. The study stated that sample bales pulled at random met this <br />standard. <br />The Waste Management study was internal, and the information that was <br />provided was in summary form; thus no critical third party review was possible. <br />Other Studies <br />An R.W. Beck study for the American Forest and Paper Association (AFPA) in <br />2002 reflected significantly higher "prohibitives" in newspaper and mixed paper <br />from single-stream versus dual-stream sources. Sampled bales of ONP from <br />single-stream plants contained more than twice as much plastic and non- <br />recyclable paper by weight and almost 40 percent more metal than did bales <br />sampled from dual-stream facilities, for an overall increase of 65% more <br />prohibitives. <br />Another consulting study for the AFPA was conducted in 2003 by Jaakko Poyry <br />Consulting and Skumatz Economic Research.. The study found that on average, <br />contamination levels in single-stream facilities were three to eight percentage <br />points higher compared to dual-stream facilities. <br />For its study in 2001-2002, Eureka Recycling used Governmental Advisory <br />Associates (GAA) survey data to estimate residual rates at dual-stream and single- <br />stream facilities. Based on facility surveys, GAA research showed that dual- <br />stream programs had an average residual rate of 6.4% and single-stream programs <br />had an average residual rate of 27.2%. <br />These residuals and contamination issues are discussed in more detail in Appendix A. <br />Analysis of Set-Out Rates <br />City staff conducted field audits of each pilot route, each collection week in order to <br />collect accurate set-out data by identifying households that had curbside recycling bins <br />or carts set out for collection. The results of the set-out data for the bi-weekly pilot <br />routes are shown below in Table 7. <br />1 Any deviation above 2 percent in the regular sampling of bales subjects the production staff to a <br />number of remedial procedures entailing review of all operational functions. It also requires <br />additional sampling until a production standard of less than 1.5 percent is met. <br />16 DRAFT sibos <br />