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Effects <br />Volumes <br />Speed <br />Traffic Noise and Air <br />Traffic Safety <br />Little or no effect <br />Minimal changes <br />Little or no effect. <br />Potential for improved pedestrian safety due to shorter street crossing times, but <br />at the same time bicycle safety may be compromised by physically removing part <br />of the pavement surface. <br />Advantages <br />Good for pedestrians due to shorter crossing distance <br />Provides space for landscaping and neighborhood "gateway" <br />Should not affect emergency response time <br />Minimal inconvenience to drivers <br />Disadvantages <br />May require the prohibition of on- street parking causing hardship or <br />inconvenience for residents <br />May cause bicyclists to travel in same traffic lane as vehicles <br />May require redesign of drainage system <br />Problems Targeted <br />Mid -block locations with speeding and /or cut through traffic <br />Design <br />There must be adequate turning radius for emergency vehicle access <br />especially on narrow streets <br />Roadway Adjustments Chokers at Intersections <br />Purpose <br />Narrowing of the street at an intersection <br />to constrain the width of the traveled way. They <br />provide shorter pedestrian crossing distances <br />and provide protection to the beginning of a <br />parking lane. The driver also senses the roadway <br />narrowing when approaching one of these <br />measures, which can result in speed reduction <br />and a reminder that the driver is entering a <br />residential area. <br />Source: institute of Transportation Engineers <br />Traffic Calming: State of Practice <br />APRIL 2005 <br />25 <br />