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04-22-24-WS
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04-22-24-WS
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GREATjU <br />RIVERlRIPW <br />GREENING <br />Reed Canary Grass (Phalaris arundinacea) <br />Description <br />Reed canary grass is a robust cool season grass that is likely circumboreal in origin. Ecotypes and/or <br />cultivars of Eurasian origin were widely planted for use as a forage, conservation plantings, and erosion <br />control, and are likely the aggressive grass that invades and dominates native wetlands and other moist <br />soil habitats throughout Minnesota. Reed canary grass can reach 6 feet in height, but typically lays over, <br />forming a dense mat that smothers native vegetation. The plant is hairless. Leaf blades are % to % inches <br />wide, flat, rough to the touch and blue-green in color. The ligule, found at the base of the leaf blade <br />where it joins the sheath, is long and membranous. Flowering occurs from May to mid -June. The <br />inflorescences are 3-16 inches long and initially purple tinged, with lax branches. As the seeds ripen, the <br />inflorescences turn a tawny beige color and the branches close up against the main axis. The shiny seeds <br />rain out of the inflorescences when disturbed after ripening. Seeds disperse on water, and are moved <br />by humans and animals as well. The plants are clonal, spreading aggressively by rhizomes. Reed canary <br />grass is adaptable in its cultural requirements, growing in dry upland soils and part shade as well as the <br />moist to wet soils in full sun where it does best. Reed canary grass management should only be tackled <br />if there are adequate resources for both adequate initial treatment as well as ongoing follow-up <br />treatment. It is not reasonable to attempt to control a discrete area of reed canary grass within a larger <br />system invaded by the grass, as there will continue to be inputs of seed and perhaps even invasion by <br />rhizomes. <br />Chemical <br />A preferred method to control dense stands of reed canary grass is to broadcast treat it with glyphosate <br />in early to mid -fall while the cool season plants are still actively growing and the chemical will be <br />translocated to the plants roots and rhizomes. Glyphosate formulated for use over water should be used <br />for reed canary grass control where it occurs in wetlands. In upland areas, glyphosate or a grass specific <br />herbicide such as fluazifop-p-butyl can be used. When treating dense clones of reed canary grass, there <br />is little chance of overspray contacting desirable species. However care should be taken to avoid <br />overspray when treating smaller patches of reed canary grass occurring within a remnant or restored <br />native plant community. Where feasible, mowing prior to herbicide treatment can facilitate application. <br />Mow prior to seed production or in late summer for a fall foliar herbicide treatment. If the population is <br />especially dense, one herbicide treatment is not likely to be enough for complete control. <br />Mechanical <br />In theory, intensive grazing, mowing or haying could diminish the resources of this robust perennial <br />grass, but in practice that is difficult to achieve. Reed canary grass is typically found in environments that <br />are too wet to mow as needed. In addition, this method will not eliminate reed canary grass. More <br />likely, it will merely set reed canary grass back temporarily allowing some other species to occupy the <br />space. But if ongoing maintenance does not occur, reed canary grass will recover and dominate the <br />plant community again. Mowing can be used to facilitate herbicide treatment on invaded areas that are <br />accessible by equipment. Mow ahead of herbicide treatment, allowing adequate time for reed canary <br />grass to grow back. Prescribed fire can be used to remove thatch and prepare a previously treated area <br />for follow-up treatment. Mowing can be used in lieu of a prescribed fire to remove the dead canopy of <br />previously treated reed canary grass. Mowing, of course may be limited by access on wet sites. <br />Long-term Management <br />Monitoring and follow-up treatment will be necessary to obtain control. The seed bank will germinate <br />once the canopy is removed and will require follow-up management. It is not advised to begin control <br />
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