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GREATjU RIVERlRIPW GREENING unless a long-term management plan is in place. Revegetation should not be attempted until at least the end of the second season of treatment. Reed Canary Grass April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec - Mar Burn Foliar Herbicide Mow Flowering Narrow -leaf and Hybrid Cattail (T. angustifolia, Typha x glauca) Description The cylindrical velvet brown flower heads of cattails are readily identifiable, but distinguishing the native broad -leaf cattail from the invasive narrow -leaf cattail and hybrid cattail requires closer study. The narrow -leaf and hybrid cattail tend to grow in deeper water and form denser clones. The hybrid grows taller, 6-9 feet versus 3-9 feet for broad -leaf and narrow -leaf cattail. The narrow -leaf cattail has narrower leaves, less than %2 inch wide versus %2 -1 inch for broad -leaf cattail. The leaves of the hybrid are variable, but range between those of the broad -leaf and narrow -leaf cattail. In cattail flower spikes, the female flowers form the brown club. The male flowers, which occur above the female flowers, are yellow when loaded with pollen, but soon wither after the pollen is shed. In narrow -leaf and hybrid cattail, the male flowers are separated from the female flowers by a gap of 1-1.5 inches. In broad -leaf cattail spikes, the male flowers are contiguous with the female flowers. The thick starchy rhizomes of narrow -leaf cattail intertwine to form a dense mat. In some wetlands, the mat may be floating. Cattails reproduce by wind-borne seeds and rhizomes. The altered hydrology of urban wetlands favors the establishment and growth of narrow -leaf cattails over desirable native species, allowing them to dominate the wetland flora. Where scattered populations of narrow -leaf cattail are established in other actively managed units, they could be controlled by treating them with herbicides when other herbaceous species, such as reed canary grass, may also be controlled. Chemical Narrow -leaf cattails growing in wet pockets along the pathways and boardwalk are candidates for control. Application of glyphosate in late -summer to fall when the herbicide will be translocated to the rhizomes increases the efficacy of the treatment. Glyphosate products formulated for use over water should be used. Wick application, spot treatment, or broadcast may be appropriate techniques. Treatment of other invasive species such as reed canary grass and purple loosestrife may occur at the same time. Mechanical Mowing or prescribed fire could be used after an initial herbicide treatment to remove thatch and facilitate follow-up herbicide treatments. However these typically these treatments would be difficult to implement considering the wet habitat preferred by narrow -leaf cattails.