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04-22-24-WS
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GREATjU <br />RIVERlRIPW <br />GREENING <br />Honeysuckle (Lonicera tartarica, L. morrowii, L. x bella) <br />Description <br />Invasive honeysuckles most often occur on forest edges and interiors, but also occur on fallow <br />agricultural land, and road and rail rights -of -way. They grow in poor to well -drained soils. Exotic <br />honeysuckles replace native forest shrubs and herbaceous plants by their invasive nature. They leaf out <br />early, shade out herbaceous ground cover and deplete soil moisture. Research suggests that honeysuckles <br />inhibit the growth of nearby plants through allelopathy. Honeysuckle reproduces primarily via seeds <br />which are dispersed by birds that eat the fruits. Honeysuckle is one of the first plants to leaf out in the <br />spring and one of the last to retain its leaves in the fall. It is challenging to correctly identify L. tatarica, L. <br />morrowii, or the hybrid, L. x bella. Since they are managed the same way, it is not necessary to make a <br />positive identification. Lonicera tatarica (native to central Russia) has 1-2.5 inch long, glabrous, ovate to <br />oblong leaves. Its white -pink flowers are glabrous. Fruits are red or rarely yellow. Height reaches 9 feet. <br />The gray -green leaves of Lonicera morrowii (native to Japan) are soft -pubescent beneath. Flowers are <br />pubescent, white fading to yellow on densely hairy peduncles. Fruits are red. Height reaches 6 feet. The <br />hybrid L. x bella has intermediate characteristics. Leaves are slightly hairy beneath. Flowers are pink <br />fading to yellow, on sparsely hairy peduncles. Fruits are red or rarely yellow. Height can reach 15 feet. <br />Mechanical <br />Brush mowing or cutting honeysuckle without herbicide treatment is ineffective unless done <br />continuously for several years. The lower branches tend to grow horizontally along the ground, making it <br />challenging for mowers to effectively cut the plant. Combining mowing with a fall herbicide application <br />is very effective. Repeated prescribed fire will kill young honeysuckles and potentially girdle and top kill <br />larger plants. However, carrying fire through areas of high infestation is a challenge because of <br />insufficient fuel. Combining prescribed fire with other control methods is preferable. <br />Chemical <br />Cut -stump treatment with glyphosate or triclopyr is effective at controlling honeysuckle. The herbicide <br />should be applied to the stump without delay for optimal effectiveness. Honeysuckle can be difficult to <br />control due to its ability to layer. Layering occurs when plant stems lay on moist ground and root from <br />adventitious buds. If all of the rooted stems are not cut and treated, honeysuckle may survive cut stump <br />treatment. Foliar herbicide treatments can also be effective, but care needs to be taken to avoid <br />collateral damage to native species. Timing foliar treatments using glyphosate or triclopyr while native <br />species are dormant is necessary to minimize damage to desirable species. <br />Long-term Management <br />Long-term management focus should be on minimizing seed dispersal via monitoring and on -going <br />management efforts. <br />Honevsuckle <br />Dec - <br />April <br />May <br />June July Aug Sept Oct Nov <br />Mar <br />Burn <br />Foliar Herbicide <br />Basal Bark Herbicide <br />Cut Stem Herbicide <br />Flowering <br />
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