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Teresa Bender From: Mike Ericson Sent: Tuesday, March 31, 2015 12:59 PM To: Teresa Bender Cc: Kurt B. Glaser Subject: FW: Glyphosate studies For the April 8 cc agenda... From: Paul Palzer Sent:Tuesday, March 31, 2015 10:20 AM To: Mike Ericson Subject:Glyphosate studies Hi Mike- Here is information from Wikipedia on Glyphosate: Please note that the 2014 German study group responded to the WHO study as follows. The German Institute for Risk Assessment responded that the work group reviewed only a selection of what they had reviewed earlier,and argued that other studies among which the well-cited cohort study Agricultural Health Study do not support the classification.m The IARC report did not include the German regulatory study published in December 2014, nor did it include industry-funded studies.The IARC also does not conduct risk assessment:their goal is to classify carcinogenic potential, and "a few positive findings can be enough to declare a hazard,even if there are negative studies as well. Glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine) is a broad-spectrum systemic herbicide used to kill weeds, especially annual broadleaf weeds and grasses known to compete with commercial crops grown around the globe. It was discovered to be a herbicide by Monsanto chemist John E. Franz in 1970.L''Monsanto brought it to market in the 1970s under the trade name Roundup and Monsanto's last commercially relevant United States stent expired in 2000. Glyphosate was quickly adopted by farmers, even more so when Monsanto introduced glyphosate-resistant crops, enabling farmers to kill weeds without killing their crops. In 2007, glyphosate was the most used herbicide in the United States agricultural sector, with 180 to 185 million pounds (82,000 to 84,000 tonnes) applied, and the second-most used in home and garden market where users applied 5 to 8 million pounds (2,300 to 3,600 tonnes); in addition, industry, commerce, and government applied 13 to 15 million pounds (5,900 to 6,800 tonnes).'''With its heavy use in agriculture, weed resistance to glyphosate is a growing problem. While glyphosate and formulations such as Roundup have been approved by regulatory bodies worldwide and are widely used, concerns about their effects on humans and the environment persist. Glyphosate's mode of action is to inhibit an ewe involved in the synthesis of the aromatic amino acids: tyrosine,tryptophan, and phenylalanine. It is absorbed through foliage and translocated to growing points. Because of this mode of action, it is only effective on actively growing plants; it is not effective as a pre- emergence herbicide. Some crops have been genetically engineered to be resistant to glyphosate(i.e., Roundup Ready, also created by Monsanto Company). Such crops allow farmers to use glyphosate as a postemergence 1 21